Twenty-year trend in the prevalence of increased cardiometabolic risk, measured by abdominal obesity, among Spanish children and adolescents across body mass index categories

Background: Identifying children and adolescents with cardiometabolic risk at an early stage is crucial for effective treatment and prevention. From a practical perspective, this could be accomplished by assessing the presence of abdominal obesity, which serves as a surrogate indicator of increased...

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Authors: Schröder, Helmut, Juton, Charlotte, Goran, Michael I., Wärnberg, Julia, Oses, Maddi, González-Gross, Marcela, Gusi, Narcis, Aznar, Susana, Marín-Cascales, Elena, González-Valeiro, Miguel, Herrera-Ramos, Estefanía, Terrados, Nicolás, Tur, Josep A., Segú, Marta, Fitó, Montserrat, Ribas-Barba, Lourdes, Bautista‑Castaño, Inmaculada, Peña‑Quintana, Luis, Berruezo, Paula, Benavente-Marín, Juan C., Labayen, Idoia, Zapico, Augusto G., Sánchez-Gómez, Jesús, Jiménez-Zazo, Fabio, Alcaraz, Pedro E., Sevilla-Sánchez, Marta, Pulgar, Susana, Bouzas, Cristina, Serra-Majem, Lluis, Gómez Santos, Santiago Felipe
Format: article
Status:Published version
Publication Date:2024
Country:España
Institution:Universitat de Lleida (UdL)
Repository:Repositori Obert UdL
OAI Identifier:oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/469015
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-024-03719-y
https://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/469015
Access Level:Open access
Keyword:Cardiometabolic risk
Abdominal obesity
Children
Adolescents
Secular trends
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network_name_str España
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dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Twenty-year trend in the prevalence of increased cardiometabolic risk, measured by abdominal obesity, among Spanish children and adolescents across body mass index categories
title Twenty-year trend in the prevalence of increased cardiometabolic risk, measured by abdominal obesity, among Spanish children and adolescents across body mass index categories
spellingShingle Twenty-year trend in the prevalence of increased cardiometabolic risk, measured by abdominal obesity, among Spanish children and adolescents across body mass index categories
Schröder, Helmut
Cardiometabolic risk
Abdominal obesity
Children
Adolescents
Secular trends
title_short Twenty-year trend in the prevalence of increased cardiometabolic risk, measured by abdominal obesity, among Spanish children and adolescents across body mass index categories
title_full Twenty-year trend in the prevalence of increased cardiometabolic risk, measured by abdominal obesity, among Spanish children and adolescents across body mass index categories
title_fullStr Twenty-year trend in the prevalence of increased cardiometabolic risk, measured by abdominal obesity, among Spanish children and adolescents across body mass index categories
title_full_unstemmed Twenty-year trend in the prevalence of increased cardiometabolic risk, measured by abdominal obesity, among Spanish children and adolescents across body mass index categories
title_sort Twenty-year trend in the prevalence of increased cardiometabolic risk, measured by abdominal obesity, among Spanish children and adolescents across body mass index categories
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Schröder, Helmut
Juton, Charlotte
Goran, Michael I.
Wärnberg, Julia
Oses, Maddi
González-Gross, Marcela
Gusi, Narcis
Aznar, Susana
Marín-Cascales, Elena
González-Valeiro, Miguel
Herrera-Ramos, Estefanía
Terrados, Nicolás
Tur, Josep A.
Segú, Marta
Fitó, Montserrat
Ribas-Barba, Lourdes
Bautista‑Castaño, Inmaculada
Peña‑Quintana, Luis
Berruezo, Paula
Benavente-Marín, Juan C.
Labayen, Idoia
Zapico, Augusto G.
Sánchez-Gómez, Jesús
Jiménez-Zazo, Fabio
Alcaraz, Pedro E.
Sevilla-Sánchez, Marta
Pulgar, Susana
Bouzas, Cristina
Serra-Majem, Lluis
Gómez Santos, Santiago Felipe
author Schröder, Helmut
author_facet Schröder, Helmut
Juton, Charlotte
Goran, Michael I.
Wärnberg, Julia
Oses, Maddi
González-Gross, Marcela
Gusi, Narcis
Aznar, Susana
Marín-Cascales, Elena
González-Valeiro, Miguel
Herrera-Ramos, Estefanía
Terrados, Nicolás
Tur, Josep A.
Segú, Marta
Fitó, Montserrat
Ribas-Barba, Lourdes
Bautista‑Castaño, Inmaculada
Peña‑Quintana, Luis
Berruezo, Paula
Benavente-Marín, Juan C.
Labayen, Idoia
Zapico, Augusto G.
Sánchez-Gómez, Jesús
Jiménez-Zazo, Fabio
Alcaraz, Pedro E.
Sevilla-Sánchez, Marta
Pulgar, Susana
Bouzas, Cristina
Serra-Majem, Lluis
Gómez Santos, Santiago Felipe
author_role author
author2 Juton, Charlotte
Goran, Michael I.
Wärnberg, Julia
Oses, Maddi
González-Gross, Marcela
Gusi, Narcis
Aznar, Susana
Marín-Cascales, Elena
González-Valeiro, Miguel
Herrera-Ramos, Estefanía
Terrados, Nicolás
Tur, Josep A.
Segú, Marta
Fitó, Montserrat
Ribas-Barba, Lourdes
Bautista‑Castaño, Inmaculada
Peña‑Quintana, Luis
Berruezo, Paula
Benavente-Marín, Juan C.
Labayen, Idoia
Zapico, Augusto G.
Sánchez-Gómez, Jesús
Jiménez-Zazo, Fabio
Alcaraz, Pedro E.
Sevilla-Sánchez, Marta
Pulgar, Susana
Bouzas, Cristina
Serra-Majem, Lluis
Gómez Santos, Santiago Felipe
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Cardiometabolic risk
Abdominal obesity
Children
Adolescents
Secular trends
topic Cardiometabolic risk
Abdominal obesity
Children
Adolescents
Secular trends
description Background: Identifying children and adolescents with cardiometabolic risk at an early stage is crucial for effective treatment and prevention. From a practical perspective, this could be accomplished by assessing the presence of abdominal obesity, which serves as a surrogate indicator of increased cardiometabolic risk and is easy to measure. However, the assessment of abdominal obesity via waist circumference has not yet become a standard procedure in pediatric healthcare. The present study aimed to analyze the secular trends in increased cardiometabolic risk, as indicated by waist circumference among Spanish children and adolescents. Methods: This study included 4861 children and adolescents aged 8 to 16 years from two nationwide representative cross-sectional surveys, the EnKid study and the PASOS study, conducted in 1998–2000 and 2019–2020, respectively. Anthropometric variables were measured in both surveys by trained personnel. Three different waist-to-height (WHtR) cutoffs were used to define abdominal obesity as criteria for cardiometabolic risk. BMI categories were defined according to the IOTF and WHO growth charts. Results: Abdominal obesity [waist to height ratio (cm/cm)>0.49] significantly increased from 40.7 to 56.1% and 93.8 to 97.2% in participants with overweight and obesity, respectively, between 1998–2000 and 2019–2020 (p<0.05). Logistic regression analysis, adjusted for sex and age, revealed that the odds of being at increased cardiometabolic risk in 2019–2020 was 1.99 (95% CI 1.48–2.67) in participants with overweight in comparison with 1998–2000. The effect size was comparable among the three WHtR criteria for abdominal obesity or the BMI categories according to IOTF and WHO boundaries. Conclusions: The prevalence of Spanish children with increased cardiometabolic risk, identified by abdominal obesity, significantly increased among those with overweight during the last two decades. This finding underlines the need of including the measurement of waist circumference as a standard procedure in pediatric practice.
publishDate 2024
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2024
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-024-03719-y
https://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/469015
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-024-03719-y
https://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/469015
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv Reproducció del document publicat a https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-024-03719-y
BMC Medicine, 2024, vol. 22, núm. 1
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv cc-by-nc-nd, (c) Schröder et al. 2024
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
rights_invalid_str_mv cc-by-nc-nd, (c) Schröder et al. 2024
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv BMC
publisher.none.fl_str_mv BMC
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Repositori Obert UdL
instname:Universitat de Lleida (UdL)
instname_str Universitat de Lleida (UdL)
reponame_str Repositori Obert UdL
collection Repositori Obert UdL
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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spelling Twenty-year trend in the prevalence of increased cardiometabolic risk, measured by abdominal obesity, among Spanish children and adolescents across body mass index categoriesSchröder, HelmutJuton, CharlotteGoran, Michael I.Wärnberg, JuliaOses, MaddiGonzález-Gross, MarcelaGusi, NarcisAznar, SusanaMarín-Cascales, ElenaGonzález-Valeiro, MiguelHerrera-Ramos, EstefaníaTerrados, NicolásTur, Josep A.Segú, MartaFitó, MontserratRibas-Barba, LourdesBautista‑Castaño, InmaculadaPeña‑Quintana, LuisBerruezo, PaulaBenavente-Marín, Juan C.Labayen, IdoiaZapico, Augusto G.Sánchez-Gómez, JesúsJiménez-Zazo, FabioAlcaraz, Pedro E.Sevilla-Sánchez, MartaPulgar, SusanaBouzas, CristinaSerra-Majem, LluisGómez Santos, Santiago FelipeCardiometabolic riskAbdominal obesityChildrenAdolescentsSecular trendsBackground: Identifying children and adolescents with cardiometabolic risk at an early stage is crucial for effective treatment and prevention. From a practical perspective, this could be accomplished by assessing the presence of abdominal obesity, which serves as a surrogate indicator of increased cardiometabolic risk and is easy to measure. However, the assessment of abdominal obesity via waist circumference has not yet become a standard procedure in pediatric healthcare. The present study aimed to analyze the secular trends in increased cardiometabolic risk, as indicated by waist circumference among Spanish children and adolescents. Methods: This study included 4861 children and adolescents aged 8 to 16 years from two nationwide representative cross-sectional surveys, the EnKid study and the PASOS study, conducted in 1998–2000 and 2019–2020, respectively. Anthropometric variables were measured in both surveys by trained personnel. Three different waist-to-height (WHtR) cutoffs were used to define abdominal obesity as criteria for cardiometabolic risk. BMI categories were defined according to the IOTF and WHO growth charts. Results: Abdominal obesity [waist to height ratio (cm/cm)>0.49] significantly increased from 40.7 to 56.1% and 93.8 to 97.2% in participants with overweight and obesity, respectively, between 1998–2000 and 2019–2020 (p<0.05). Logistic regression analysis, adjusted for sex and age, revealed that the odds of being at increased cardiometabolic risk in 2019–2020 was 1.99 (95% CI 1.48–2.67) in participants with overweight in comparison with 1998–2000. The effect size was comparable among the three WHtR criteria for abdominal obesity or the BMI categories according to IOTF and WHO boundaries. Conclusions: The prevalence of Spanish children with increased cardiometabolic risk, identified by abdominal obesity, significantly increased among those with overweight during the last two decades. This finding underlines the need of including the measurement of waist circumference as a standard procedure in pediatric practice.Project PI20/00199 was funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) and cofunded by the European Union. The PASOS study (2019–2020) was mainly funded by the Fundación PROBITAS and the Gasol Foundation. The enKid study (1998–2000) was funded by Kellogg’s España SA and the Kellogg’s Company, Battle Creek, USA, via the Fundación Universitaria de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria and the Fundación para la Investigation Nutritional. Additional funds were received from the Barça Foundation, Banco Santander, Grupo IFA, Viena and Fundación Deporte Jóven, grant of support to research groups number 35/2011 (Balearic Islands Gov), and EU COST Action CA16112. J.A.T. is funded by the official funding agency for biomedical research of the Spanish government, the Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), which is cofunded by the 333 European Regional Development Fund (CIBEROBN CB12/03/30038). PASOS has the institutional support of Spain’s Ministry of Education and Vocational Training, the Ministry of Health, Consumption and Social Welfare through the Spanish Agency for Food Safety and Nutrition (ASEAN), the High Commission against Child Poverty, the High Sports Council, the General College of Professional Associations of Physical Education and Sports, and the Departments of Education and/or Health and/or Sports of Spain’s 17 autonomous regions. The CIBERESP and the CIBEROBN are initiatives of the Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain, cofunded by the European Regional Development Fund.BMC2024info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-024-03719-yhttps://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/469015reponame:Repositori Obert UdL instname:Universitat de Lleida (UdL)InglésReproducció del document publicat a https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-024-03719-yBMC Medicine, 2024, vol. 22, núm. 1cc-by-nc-nd, (c) Schröder et al. 2024Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/4690152026-06-24T12:42:17Z
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