Twenty-year trend in the prevalence of increased cardiometabolic risk, measured by abdominal obesity, among Spanish children and adolescents across body mass index categories
Background: Identifying children and adolescents with cardiometabolic risk at an early stage is crucial for effective treatment and prevention. From a practical perspective, this could be accomplished by assessing the presence of abdominal obesity, which serves as a surrogate indicator of increased...
| Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | article |
| Status: | Published version |
| Publication Date: | 2024 |
| Country: | España |
| Institution: | Universitat de Lleida (UdL) |
| Repository: | Repositori Obert UdL |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/469015 |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-024-03719-y https://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/469015 |
| Access Level: | Open access |
| Keyword: | Cardiometabolic risk Abdominal obesity Children Adolescents Secular trends |
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Twenty-year trend in the prevalence of increased cardiometabolic risk, measured by abdominal obesity, among Spanish children and adolescents across body mass index categories |
| title |
Twenty-year trend in the prevalence of increased cardiometabolic risk, measured by abdominal obesity, among Spanish children and adolescents across body mass index categories |
| spellingShingle |
Twenty-year trend in the prevalence of increased cardiometabolic risk, measured by abdominal obesity, among Spanish children and adolescents across body mass index categories Schröder, Helmut Cardiometabolic risk Abdominal obesity Children Adolescents Secular trends |
| title_short |
Twenty-year trend in the prevalence of increased cardiometabolic risk, measured by abdominal obesity, among Spanish children and adolescents across body mass index categories |
| title_full |
Twenty-year trend in the prevalence of increased cardiometabolic risk, measured by abdominal obesity, among Spanish children and adolescents across body mass index categories |
| title_fullStr |
Twenty-year trend in the prevalence of increased cardiometabolic risk, measured by abdominal obesity, among Spanish children and adolescents across body mass index categories |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Twenty-year trend in the prevalence of increased cardiometabolic risk, measured by abdominal obesity, among Spanish children and adolescents across body mass index categories |
| title_sort |
Twenty-year trend in the prevalence of increased cardiometabolic risk, measured by abdominal obesity, among Spanish children and adolescents across body mass index categories |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv |
Schröder, Helmut Juton, Charlotte Goran, Michael I. Wärnberg, Julia Oses, Maddi González-Gross, Marcela Gusi, Narcis Aznar, Susana Marín-Cascales, Elena González-Valeiro, Miguel Herrera-Ramos, Estefanía Terrados, Nicolás Tur, Josep A. Segú, Marta Fitó, Montserrat Ribas-Barba, Lourdes Bautista‑Castaño, Inmaculada Peña‑Quintana, Luis Berruezo, Paula Benavente-Marín, Juan C. Labayen, Idoia Zapico, Augusto G. Sánchez-Gómez, Jesús Jiménez-Zazo, Fabio Alcaraz, Pedro E. Sevilla-Sánchez, Marta Pulgar, Susana Bouzas, Cristina Serra-Majem, Lluis Gómez Santos, Santiago Felipe |
| author |
Schröder, Helmut |
| author_facet |
Schröder, Helmut Juton, Charlotte Goran, Michael I. Wärnberg, Julia Oses, Maddi González-Gross, Marcela Gusi, Narcis Aznar, Susana Marín-Cascales, Elena González-Valeiro, Miguel Herrera-Ramos, Estefanía Terrados, Nicolás Tur, Josep A. Segú, Marta Fitó, Montserrat Ribas-Barba, Lourdes Bautista‑Castaño, Inmaculada Peña‑Quintana, Luis Berruezo, Paula Benavente-Marín, Juan C. Labayen, Idoia Zapico, Augusto G. Sánchez-Gómez, Jesús Jiménez-Zazo, Fabio Alcaraz, Pedro E. Sevilla-Sánchez, Marta Pulgar, Susana Bouzas, Cristina Serra-Majem, Lluis Gómez Santos, Santiago Felipe |
| author_role |
author |
| author2 |
Juton, Charlotte Goran, Michael I. Wärnberg, Julia Oses, Maddi González-Gross, Marcela Gusi, Narcis Aznar, Susana Marín-Cascales, Elena González-Valeiro, Miguel Herrera-Ramos, Estefanía Terrados, Nicolás Tur, Josep A. Segú, Marta Fitó, Montserrat Ribas-Barba, Lourdes Bautista‑Castaño, Inmaculada Peña‑Quintana, Luis Berruezo, Paula Benavente-Marín, Juan C. Labayen, Idoia Zapico, Augusto G. Sánchez-Gómez, Jesús Jiménez-Zazo, Fabio Alcaraz, Pedro E. Sevilla-Sánchez, Marta Pulgar, Susana Bouzas, Cristina Serra-Majem, Lluis Gómez Santos, Santiago Felipe |
| author2_role |
author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv |
Cardiometabolic risk Abdominal obesity Children Adolescents Secular trends |
| topic |
Cardiometabolic risk Abdominal obesity Children Adolescents Secular trends |
| description |
Background: Identifying children and adolescents with cardiometabolic risk at an early stage is crucial for effective treatment and prevention. From a practical perspective, this could be accomplished by assessing the presence of abdominal obesity, which serves as a surrogate indicator of increased cardiometabolic risk and is easy to measure. However, the assessment of abdominal obesity via waist circumference has not yet become a standard procedure in pediatric healthcare. The present study aimed to analyze the secular trends in increased cardiometabolic risk, as indicated by waist circumference among Spanish children and adolescents. Methods: This study included 4861 children and adolescents aged 8 to 16 years from two nationwide representative cross-sectional surveys, the EnKid study and the PASOS study, conducted in 1998–2000 and 2019–2020, respectively. Anthropometric variables were measured in both surveys by trained personnel. Three different waist-to-height (WHtR) cutoffs were used to define abdominal obesity as criteria for cardiometabolic risk. BMI categories were defined according to the IOTF and WHO growth charts. Results: Abdominal obesity [waist to height ratio (cm/cm)>0.49] significantly increased from 40.7 to 56.1% and 93.8 to 97.2% in participants with overweight and obesity, respectively, between 1998–2000 and 2019–2020 (p<0.05). Logistic regression analysis, adjusted for sex and age, revealed that the odds of being at increased cardiometabolic risk in 2019–2020 was 1.99 (95% CI 1.48–2.67) in participants with overweight in comparison with 1998–2000. The effect size was comparable among the three WHtR criteria for abdominal obesity or the BMI categories according to IOTF and WHO boundaries. Conclusions: The prevalence of Spanish children with increased cardiometabolic risk, identified by abdominal obesity, significantly increased among those with overweight during the last two decades. This finding underlines the need of including the measurement of waist circumference as a standard procedure in pediatric practice. |
| publishDate |
2024 |
| dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2024 |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
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article |
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publishedVersion |
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https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-024-03719-y https://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/469015 |
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https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-024-03719-y https://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/469015 |
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Inglés |
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Inglés |
| dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
Reproducció del document publicat a https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-024-03719-y BMC Medicine, 2024, vol. 22, núm. 1 |
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cc-by-nc-nd, (c) Schröder et al. 2024 Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
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cc-by-nc-nd, (c) Schröder et al. 2024 Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
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openAccess |
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BMC |
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BMC |
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reponame:Repositori Obert UdL instname:Universitat de Lleida (UdL) |
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Universitat de Lleida (UdL) |
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Repositori Obert UdL |
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Repositori Obert UdL |
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Twenty-year trend in the prevalence of increased cardiometabolic risk, measured by abdominal obesity, among Spanish children and adolescents across body mass index categoriesSchröder, HelmutJuton, CharlotteGoran, Michael I.Wärnberg, JuliaOses, MaddiGonzález-Gross, MarcelaGusi, NarcisAznar, SusanaMarín-Cascales, ElenaGonzález-Valeiro, MiguelHerrera-Ramos, EstefaníaTerrados, NicolásTur, Josep A.Segú, MartaFitó, MontserratRibas-Barba, LourdesBautista‑Castaño, InmaculadaPeña‑Quintana, LuisBerruezo, PaulaBenavente-Marín, Juan C.Labayen, IdoiaZapico, Augusto G.Sánchez-Gómez, JesúsJiménez-Zazo, FabioAlcaraz, Pedro E.Sevilla-Sánchez, MartaPulgar, SusanaBouzas, CristinaSerra-Majem, LluisGómez Santos, Santiago FelipeCardiometabolic riskAbdominal obesityChildrenAdolescentsSecular trendsBackground: Identifying children and adolescents with cardiometabolic risk at an early stage is crucial for effective treatment and prevention. From a practical perspective, this could be accomplished by assessing the presence of abdominal obesity, which serves as a surrogate indicator of increased cardiometabolic risk and is easy to measure. However, the assessment of abdominal obesity via waist circumference has not yet become a standard procedure in pediatric healthcare. The present study aimed to analyze the secular trends in increased cardiometabolic risk, as indicated by waist circumference among Spanish children and adolescents. Methods: This study included 4861 children and adolescents aged 8 to 16 years from two nationwide representative cross-sectional surveys, the EnKid study and the PASOS study, conducted in 1998–2000 and 2019–2020, respectively. Anthropometric variables were measured in both surveys by trained personnel. Three different waist-to-height (WHtR) cutoffs were used to define abdominal obesity as criteria for cardiometabolic risk. BMI categories were defined according to the IOTF and WHO growth charts. Results: Abdominal obesity [waist to height ratio (cm/cm)>0.49] significantly increased from 40.7 to 56.1% and 93.8 to 97.2% in participants with overweight and obesity, respectively, between 1998–2000 and 2019–2020 (p<0.05). Logistic regression analysis, adjusted for sex and age, revealed that the odds of being at increased cardiometabolic risk in 2019–2020 was 1.99 (95% CI 1.48–2.67) in participants with overweight in comparison with 1998–2000. The effect size was comparable among the three WHtR criteria for abdominal obesity or the BMI categories according to IOTF and WHO boundaries. Conclusions: The prevalence of Spanish children with increased cardiometabolic risk, identified by abdominal obesity, significantly increased among those with overweight during the last two decades. This finding underlines the need of including the measurement of waist circumference as a standard procedure in pediatric practice.Project PI20/00199 was funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) and cofunded by the European Union. The PASOS study (2019–2020) was mainly funded by the Fundación PROBITAS and the Gasol Foundation. The enKid study (1998–2000) was funded by Kellogg’s España SA and the Kellogg’s Company, Battle Creek, USA, via the Fundación Universitaria de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria and the Fundación para la Investigation Nutritional. Additional funds were received from the Barça Foundation, Banco Santander, Grupo IFA, Viena and Fundación Deporte Jóven, grant of support to research groups number 35/2011 (Balearic Islands Gov), and EU COST Action CA16112. J.A.T. is funded by the official funding agency for biomedical research of the Spanish government, the Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), which is cofunded by the 333 European Regional Development Fund (CIBEROBN CB12/03/30038). PASOS has the institutional support of Spain’s Ministry of Education and Vocational Training, the Ministry of Health, Consumption and Social Welfare through the Spanish Agency for Food Safety and Nutrition (ASEAN), the High Commission against Child Poverty, the High Sports Council, the General College of Professional Associations of Physical Education and Sports, and the Departments of Education and/or Health and/or Sports of Spain’s 17 autonomous regions. The CIBERESP and the CIBEROBN are initiatives of the Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain, cofunded by the European Regional Development Fund.BMC2024info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-024-03719-yhttps://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/469015reponame:Repositori Obert UdL instname:Universitat de Lleida (UdL)InglésReproducció del document publicat a https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-024-03719-yBMC Medicine, 2024, vol. 22, núm. 1cc-by-nc-nd, (c) Schröder et al. 2024Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/4690152026-06-24T12:42:17Z |
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