Unexpected High Blood Lead Levels in a Remote Indigenous Community in the Northeastern Peruvian Amazon

Recent studies suggest that Pb-based ammunition could be an important route of Pb exposure for Indigenous Peoples in tropical rainforests. We analyzed blood lead levels (BLL) and isotopic signatures in 111 humans, 97 wild animals, 81 fish, and potential environmental Pb sources in an Indigenous comm...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Mayor Aparicio, Pedro Ginés|||0000-0001-5297-792X, Rius-Taberner, Guillem, Ulloa, Gabriela M.|||0000-0003-4470-2576, Orta-Martínez, Martí|||0000-0001-9615-4343
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Institución:Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
Repositorio:Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UAB
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:ddd.uab.cat:322089
Acceso en línea:https://ddd.uab.cat/record/322089
https://dx.doi.org/urn:doi:10.3390/toxics13100826
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Lead poisoning
Lead-based ammunition
Drinking waters
Subsistence hunting
Indigenous Peoples
Amazon
Planetary health
Descripción
Sumario:Recent studies suggest that Pb-based ammunition could be an important route of Pb exposure for Indigenous Peoples in tropical rainforests. We analyzed blood lead levels (BLL) and isotopic signatures in 111 humans, 97 wild animals, 81 fish, and potential environmental Pb sources in an Indigenous community in the remote and well-preserved Peruvian Amazon with no history of industrial activity. Median BLL was 11.74 μg dL -1, with BLL ≥ 5 µg dL -1 in 95.8% children <12-yo and 94.5% adults. Pb concentrations in wild animals were 7.00 ± 22.40 mg kg -1 DW in liver, 0.06 ± 0.09 mg kg -1 DW in fish muscle tissues, 17.1 ± 10.8 mg kg -1 in soils and 3.4-3.8 mg L -1 in the main river, although 0.43-0.53 mg L -1 were the Pb levels in decanted water used for drinking and cooking. The similarity of isotopic signatures (207/206 Pb and 208/206 Pb) shows that the main Pb sources for humans are river waters (97.6%) and Pb-based ammunition (78.7%). Fish and wildlife act as Pb transporters from water, and wildlife act as Pb transporter from ammunition. Evidence of high human BLL in a remote, non-industrialized Amazonian area demonstrates the urgency of designing regional policies that include health prevention measures, focused on drinking water filtration systems and the use of non-toxic, Pb-free ammunitions.