Co-exposure with the herbicide 2,4-D does not exacerbate Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans infection in the Italian crested newt (Triturus carnifex)

This article belongs to the Section Ecology and Conservation.

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autores: Fernández Meléndez, Eduardo, Fieschi-Méric, Léa, Verbrugghe, Elin, Blomme, Ellen, Fahrbach, Michael, Ortiz-Santaliestra, Manuel E., Pasmans, Frank, Martel, An
Formato: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Recursos:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/398873
Acesso em linha:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/398873
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palavra-chave:Agrochemicals
Amphibian conservation
Emerging infectious diseases
Pollution
Chytridiomycosis
Newts
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oai_identifier_str oai:digital.csic.es:10261/398873
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network_name_str España
repository_id_str
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Co-exposure with the herbicide 2,4-D does not exacerbate Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans infection in the Italian crested newt (Triturus carnifex)
title Co-exposure with the herbicide 2,4-D does not exacerbate Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans infection in the Italian crested newt (Triturus carnifex)
spellingShingle Co-exposure with the herbicide 2,4-D does not exacerbate Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans infection in the Italian crested newt (Triturus carnifex)
Fernández Meléndez, Eduardo
Agrochemicals
Amphibian conservation
Emerging infectious diseases
Pollution
Chytridiomycosis
Newts
title_short Co-exposure with the herbicide 2,4-D does not exacerbate Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans infection in the Italian crested newt (Triturus carnifex)
title_full Co-exposure with the herbicide 2,4-D does not exacerbate Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans infection in the Italian crested newt (Triturus carnifex)
title_fullStr Co-exposure with the herbicide 2,4-D does not exacerbate Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans infection in the Italian crested newt (Triturus carnifex)
title_full_unstemmed Co-exposure with the herbicide 2,4-D does not exacerbate Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans infection in the Italian crested newt (Triturus carnifex)
title_sort Co-exposure with the herbicide 2,4-D does not exacerbate Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans infection in the Italian crested newt (Triturus carnifex)
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Fernández Meléndez, Eduardo
Fieschi-Méric, Léa
Verbrugghe, Elin
Blomme, Ellen
Fahrbach, Michael
Ortiz-Santaliestra, Manuel E.
Pasmans, Frank
Martel, An
author Fernández Meléndez, Eduardo
author_facet Fernández Meléndez, Eduardo
Fieschi-Méric, Léa
Verbrugghe, Elin
Blomme, Ellen
Fahrbach, Michael
Ortiz-Santaliestra, Manuel E.
Pasmans, Frank
Martel, An
author_role author
author2 Fieschi-Méric, Léa
Verbrugghe, Elin
Blomme, Ellen
Fahrbach, Michael
Ortiz-Santaliestra, Manuel E.
Pasmans, Frank
Martel, An
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv European Food Safety Authority
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Agrochemicals
Amphibian conservation
Emerging infectious diseases
Pollution
Chytridiomycosis
Newts
topic Agrochemicals
Amphibian conservation
Emerging infectious diseases
Pollution
Chytridiomycosis
Newts
description This article belongs to the Section Ecology and Conservation.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025
2025
2025
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
Publisher's version
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/398873
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/398873
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv Fernández Meléndez, Eduardo; Fieschi-Méric, Léa; Verbrugghe, Elin; Blomme, Ellen; Fahrbach, Michael; Ortiz-Santaliestra, Manuel E.; Pasmans, Frank; Martel, An; 2025; Supplementary Materials: Co-exposure with the herbicide 2,4-D does not exacerbate Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans infection in the Italian crested newt (Triturus carnifex) [Dataset]; Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15121777
https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15121777
Sí
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
collection DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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spelling Co-exposure with the herbicide 2,4-D does not exacerbate Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans infection in the Italian crested newt (Triturus carnifex)Fernández Meléndez, EduardoFieschi-Méric, LéaVerbrugghe, ElinBlomme, EllenFahrbach, MichaelOrtiz-Santaliestra, Manuel E.Pasmans, FrankMartel, AnAgrochemicalsAmphibian conservationEmerging infectious diseasesPollutionChytridiomycosisNewtsThis article belongs to the Section Ecology and Conservation.Amphibians face a multitude of threats and therefore make a prime example of the current biodiversity crisis. Multiple amphibian stressors in anthropogenic landscapes include infectious diseases and agrochemicals. Synergic effects between these stressors may increase the negative impact of infections on amphibian health. In a 56-day trial, we assessed the impact of co-exposure to the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and the pathogenic fungus Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal) on infection parameters (infection intensity and disease severity) and health (body condition and telomere length) in Italian crested newts (Triturus carnifex). Twenty days post-inoculation with Bsal, newts were either exposed to 2,4-D for 12 days or not exposed (control). Most newts developed high infection loads that steadily increased towards the end of the trial. While body condition was negatively correlated with pathogen burden, only one out of 23 animals died. Telomere length remained unaffected by the pesticide and the pathogen. The 2,4-D treatment did not exacerbate Bsal infection. Most newts survived almost two months with significant pathogen loads; thus, even in a pesticide-infested environment, T. carnifex could be an important long-term Bsal reservoir for co-occurring species on the Italian peninsula, a urodele diversity hotspot.[Simple Summary] Amphibians are among the most threatened animals on the planet, facing dangers from pollution, habitat loss and infectious diseases. In this study, we focused on the Italian crested newt, a type of salamander, to see if exposure to a commonly used weed killer called 2,4-D would make them more vulnerable to a deadly skin disease caused by a fungus. We exposed newts to both the herbicide and the fungus and monitored their health over almost two months. We found that while many newts became infected and their health was affected by the fungus, the herbicide did not make the disease worse. Most newts survived the trial, even with high levels of infection. This suggests that Italian crested newts can tolerate short-term pollution from this herbicide, but they might still carry and spread the disease to other, more sensitive amphibians. Our findings help us understand how pollution and disease interact in nature, and this knowledge can guide efforts to protect amphibians and maintain healthy ecosystems.This study was supported by the EFSA-funded project AMPHIDEB: Development of biologically based models in environmental risk assessment to assess the impact of chemicals and pathogenic fungi on amphibian and reptile populations (OC/EFSA/SCER/2021/12).Peer reviewedMultidisciplinary Digital Publishing InstituteEuropean Food Safety AuthorityConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]202520252025info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/398873reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)InglésFernández Meléndez, Eduardo; Fieschi-Méric, Léa; Verbrugghe, Elin; Blomme, Ellen; Fahrbach, Michael; Ortiz-Santaliestra, Manuel E.; Pasmans, Frank; Martel, An; 2025; Supplementary Materials: Co-exposure with the herbicide 2,4-D does not exacerbate Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans infection in the Italian crested newt (Triturus carnifex) [Dataset]; Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15121777https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15121777Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/3988732026-05-22T06:33:51Z
score 15,811543

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