tert-Butyl as a Functional Group: Non-Directed Catalytic Hydroxylation of Sterically Congested Primary C−H Bonds

The tert-butyl group is a common aliphatic motif extensively employed to implement steric congestion and conformational rigidity in organic and organometallic molecules. Because of the combination of a high bond dissociation energy (~100 kcal mol−1) and limited accessibility, in the absence of direc...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Chan, Siu-Chung, Palone, Andrea, Bietti, Massimo, Costas Salgueiro, Miquel
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2024
País:España
Institución:Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)
Repositorio:Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya
OAI Identifier:oai:recercat.cat:10256/25082
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10256/25082
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Catàlisi homogènia
Homogeneous catalysis
Catalitzadors de manganès
Manganese catalysts
Grups funcionals
Functional groups
Descripción
Sumario:The tert-butyl group is a common aliphatic motif extensively employed to implement steric congestion and conformational rigidity in organic and organometallic molecules. Because of the combination of a high bond dissociation energy (~100 kcal mol−1) and limited accessibility, in the absence of directing groups, neither radical nor organometallic approaches are effective for the chemical modification of tert-butyl C−H bonds. Herein we overcome these limits by employing a highly electrophilic manganese catalyst, [Mn(CF3bpeb)(OTf)2], that operates in the strong hydrogen bond donor solvent nonafluoro-tert-butyl alcohol (NFTBA) and catalytically activates hydrogen peroxide to generate a powerful manganese-oxo species that effectively oxidizes tert-butyl C−H bonds. Leveraging on the interplay of steric, electronic, medium and torsional effects, site-selective and product chemoselective hydroxylation of the tert-butyl group is accomplished with broad reaction scope, delivering primary alcohols as largely dominant products in preparative yields. Late-stage hydroxylation at tert-butyl sites is demonstrated on 6 densely functionalized molecules of pharmaceutical interest. This work uncovers a novel disconnection approach, harnessing tert-butyl as a potential functional group in strategic synthetic planning for complex molecular architectures