Emergence of exploratory, technical and tactical behavior in small-sided soccer games when manipulating the number of teammates and opponents

The effects that different constraints have on the exploratory behavior, measured by the variety and quantity of different responses within a game situation, is of the utmost importance for successful performance in team sports. The aim of this study was to determine how the number of teammates and...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Torrents Martín, Carlota, Ric Diez, Ángel, Hristovski, Robert, Torres-Ronda, Lorena, Vicente Vives, Emili, Sampaio, Jaime
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2016
País:España
Institución:Universitat de Lleida (UdL)
Repositorio:Repositori Obert UdL
OAI Identifier:oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/59947
Acceso en línea:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0168866
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/59947
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Esports d'equip
Futbol
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spelling Emergence of exploratory, technical and tactical behavior in small-sided soccer games when manipulating the number of teammates and opponentsTorrents Martín, CarlotaRic Diez, ÁngelHristovski, RobertTorres-Ronda, LorenaVicente Vives, EmiliSampaio, JaimeEsports d'equipFutbolThe effects that different constraints have on the exploratory behavior, measured by the variety and quantity of different responses within a game situation, is of the utmost importance for successful performance in team sports. The aim of this study was to determine how the number of teammates and opponents affects the exploratory behavior of both professional and amateur players in small-sided soccer games. Twenty-two professional (age 25.6 ± 4.9 years) and 22 amateur (age 23.1 ± 0.7 years) male soccer players played three small-sided game formats (4 vs. 3, 4 vs. 5, and 4 vs. 7). These trials were video-recorded and a systematic observation instrument was used to notate the actions, which were subsequently analyzed by means of a principal component analysis and the dynamic overlap order parameter (measure to identify the rate and breadth of exploratory behavior on different time scales). Results revealed that a higher the number of opponents required for more frequent ball controls. Moreover, with a higher number of teammates, there were more defensive actions focused on protecting the goal, with more players balancing. In relation to attack, an increase in the number of opponents produced a decrease in passing, driving and controlling actions, while an increase in the number of teammates led to more time being spent in attacking situations. A numerical advantage led to less exploratory behavior, an effect that was especially clear when playing within a team of seven players against four opponents. All teams showed strong effects of the number of teammates on the exploratory behavior when comparing 5 vs 7 or 3 vs 7 teammates. These results seem to be independent of the players' level.We would like to thank the players who volunteered to participate in this study. We gratefully acknowledge the support of the Generalitat de Catalunya government project Grup de recerca en Sistemes Complexos i Esport (2014 SGR 975) and Project Symbiotic technology for societal efficiency gains: Deus ex Machina (DEM), NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000026, co-financed by Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional (FEDER) by NORTE 2020.Public Library of Science2016info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0168866http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/59947reponame:Repositori Obert UdL instname:Universitat de Lleida (UdL)InglésReproducció del document publicat a https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0168866PLoS ONE, 2016, vol. 11, núm. 12, e0168866cc-by (c) Carlota Torrents et al., 2016info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/599472026-06-24T12:42:17Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Emergence of exploratory, technical and tactical behavior in small-sided soccer games when manipulating the number of teammates and opponents
title Emergence of exploratory, technical and tactical behavior in small-sided soccer games when manipulating the number of teammates and opponents
spellingShingle Emergence of exploratory, technical and tactical behavior in small-sided soccer games when manipulating the number of teammates and opponents
Torrents Martín, Carlota
Esports d'equip
Futbol
title_short Emergence of exploratory, technical and tactical behavior in small-sided soccer games when manipulating the number of teammates and opponents
title_full Emergence of exploratory, technical and tactical behavior in small-sided soccer games when manipulating the number of teammates and opponents
title_fullStr Emergence of exploratory, technical and tactical behavior in small-sided soccer games when manipulating the number of teammates and opponents
title_full_unstemmed Emergence of exploratory, technical and tactical behavior in small-sided soccer games when manipulating the number of teammates and opponents
title_sort Emergence of exploratory, technical and tactical behavior in small-sided soccer games when manipulating the number of teammates and opponents
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Torrents Martín, Carlota
Ric Diez, Ángel
Hristovski, Robert
Torres-Ronda, Lorena
Vicente Vives, Emili
Sampaio, Jaime
author Torrents Martín, Carlota
author_facet Torrents Martín, Carlota
Ric Diez, Ángel
Hristovski, Robert
Torres-Ronda, Lorena
Vicente Vives, Emili
Sampaio, Jaime
author_role author
author2 Ric Diez, Ángel
Hristovski, Robert
Torres-Ronda, Lorena
Vicente Vives, Emili
Sampaio, Jaime
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Esports d'equip
Futbol
topic Esports d'equip
Futbol
description The effects that different constraints have on the exploratory behavior, measured by the variety and quantity of different responses within a game situation, is of the utmost importance for successful performance in team sports. The aim of this study was to determine how the number of teammates and opponents affects the exploratory behavior of both professional and amateur players in small-sided soccer games. Twenty-two professional (age 25.6 ± 4.9 years) and 22 amateur (age 23.1 ± 0.7 years) male soccer players played three small-sided game formats (4 vs. 3, 4 vs. 5, and 4 vs. 7). These trials were video-recorded and a systematic observation instrument was used to notate the actions, which were subsequently analyzed by means of a principal component analysis and the dynamic overlap order parameter (measure to identify the rate and breadth of exploratory behavior on different time scales). Results revealed that a higher the number of opponents required for more frequent ball controls. Moreover, with a higher number of teammates, there were more defensive actions focused on protecting the goal, with more players balancing. In relation to attack, an increase in the number of opponents produced a decrease in passing, driving and controlling actions, while an increase in the number of teammates led to more time being spent in attacking situations. A numerical advantage led to less exploratory behavior, an effect that was especially clear when playing within a team of seven players against four opponents. All teams showed strong effects of the number of teammates on the exploratory behavior when comparing 5 vs 7 or 3 vs 7 teammates. These results seem to be independent of the players' level.
publishDate 2016
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2016
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0168866
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/59947
url https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0168866
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/59947
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv Reproducció del document publicat a https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0168866
PLoS ONE, 2016, vol. 11, núm. 12, e0168866
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv cc-by (c) Carlota Torrents et al., 2016
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
rights_invalid_str_mv cc-by (c) Carlota Torrents et al., 2016
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Public Library of Science
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Public Library of Science
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Repositori Obert UdL
instname:Universitat de Lleida (UdL)
instname_str Universitat de Lleida (UdL)
reponame_str Repositori Obert UdL
collection Repositori Obert UdL
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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