Xanthine urolithiasis: Inhibitors of xanthine crystallization

Objective To identify in vitro inhibitors of xanthine crystallization that have potential for inhibiting the formation of xanthine crystals in urine and preventing the development of the renal calculi in patients with xanthinuria. Methods The formation of xanthine crystals in synthetic urine and the...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Grases, Fèlix, Costa-Bauzà, Antonia, Roig, Joan, Rodríguez, Adrián
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2018
País:España
Institución:Conselleria de Salut i Consum del Govern de les Illes Balears
Repositorio:Docusalut
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:docusalut.com:20.500.13003/9168
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13003/9168
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Urolithiasis
In Vitro Techniques
Kidney Calculi
Aldehyde Oxidase
Humans
Purine-Pyrimidine Metabolism, Inborn Errors
Metabolism, Inborn Errors
Crystallization
Down-Regulation
Xanthine Dehydrogenase
Xanthines
Chemical Precipitation
Xanthine
Xantina
Xantinas
Aldehído Oxidasa
Regulación hacia Abajo
Errores Innatos del Metabolismo
Xantina Deshidrogenasa
Cristalización
Técnicas In Vitro
Cálculos Renales
Humanos
Urolitiasis
Errores Innatos del Metabolismo de la Purina-Pirimidina
Precipitación Química
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spelling Xanthine urolithiasis: Inhibitors of xanthine crystallizationGrases, FèlixCosta-Bauzà, AntoniaRoig, JoanRodríguez, AdriánUrolithiasisIn Vitro TechniquesKidney CalculiAldehyde OxidaseHumansPurine-Pyrimidine Metabolism, Inborn ErrorsMetabolism, Inborn ErrorsCrystallizationDown-RegulationXanthine DehydrogenaseXanthinesChemical PrecipitationXanthineXantinaXantinasAldehído OxidasaRegulación hacia AbajoErrores Innatos del MetabolismoXantina DeshidrogenasaCristalizaciónTécnicas In VitroCálculos RenalesHumanosUrolitiasisErrores Innatos del Metabolismo de la Purina-PirimidinaPrecipitación QuímicaObjective To identify in vitro inhibitors of xanthine crystallization that have potential for inhibiting the formation of xanthine crystals in urine and preventing the development of the renal calculi in patients with xanthinuria. Methods The formation of xanthine crystals in synthetic urine and the effects of 10 potential crystallization inhibitors were assessed using a kinetic turbidimetric system with a photometer. The maximum concentration tested for each compound was: 20 mg/L for 3-methylxanthine (3MX); 40 mg/L for 7-methylxanthine (7-MX), 1-methylxanthine (1-MX), theobromine (TB), theophylline, paraxanthine, and caffeine; 45 mg/L for 1-methyluric acid; 80 mg/L for 1,3-dimethyluric acid; and 200 mg/L for hypoxanthine. Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the morphology of the crystals formed when inhibitory effects were observed. Results Only 7-MX, 3-MX, and 1-MX significantly inhibited xanthine crystallization at the tested concentrations. Mixtures of inhibitors had an additive effect rather than a synergistic effect on crystallization. Conclusion Two of the inhibitors identified here D 7-MX and 3-MX D are major metabolites of TB. In particular, after TB consumption, 20% is excreted in the urine as TB, 21.5% as 3-MX, and 36% as 7-MX. Thus, consumption of theobromine could protect patients with xanthinuria from the development of renal xanthine calculi. Clinical trials are necessary to demonstrate these effects in vivo.Public Library Science20182018-08-2920182018-08-29research articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1info:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13003/9168reponame:Docusalutinstname:Conselleria de Salut i Consum del Govern de les Illes BalearsInglésengopen accesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Attribution 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:docusalut.com:20.500.13003/91682026-06-22T12:44:07Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Xanthine urolithiasis: Inhibitors of xanthine crystallization
title Xanthine urolithiasis: Inhibitors of xanthine crystallization
spellingShingle Xanthine urolithiasis: Inhibitors of xanthine crystallization
Grases, Fèlix
Urolithiasis
In Vitro Techniques
Kidney Calculi
Aldehyde Oxidase
Humans
Purine-Pyrimidine Metabolism, Inborn Errors
Metabolism, Inborn Errors
Crystallization
Down-Regulation
Xanthine Dehydrogenase
Xanthines
Chemical Precipitation
Xanthine
Xantina
Xantinas
Aldehído Oxidasa
Regulación hacia Abajo
Errores Innatos del Metabolismo
Xantina Deshidrogenasa
Cristalización
Técnicas In Vitro
Cálculos Renales
Humanos
Urolitiasis
Errores Innatos del Metabolismo de la Purina-Pirimidina
Precipitación Química
title_short Xanthine urolithiasis: Inhibitors of xanthine crystallization
title_full Xanthine urolithiasis: Inhibitors of xanthine crystallization
title_fullStr Xanthine urolithiasis: Inhibitors of xanthine crystallization
title_full_unstemmed Xanthine urolithiasis: Inhibitors of xanthine crystallization
title_sort Xanthine urolithiasis: Inhibitors of xanthine crystallization
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Grases, Fèlix
Costa-Bauzà, Antonia
Roig, Joan
Rodríguez, Adrián
author Grases, Fèlix
author_facet Grases, Fèlix
Costa-Bauzà, Antonia
Roig, Joan
Rodríguez, Adrián
author_role author
author2 Costa-Bauzà, Antonia
Roig, Joan
Rodríguez, Adrián
author2_role author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Urolithiasis
In Vitro Techniques
Kidney Calculi
Aldehyde Oxidase
Humans
Purine-Pyrimidine Metabolism, Inborn Errors
Metabolism, Inborn Errors
Crystallization
Down-Regulation
Xanthine Dehydrogenase
Xanthines
Chemical Precipitation
Xanthine
Xantina
Xantinas
Aldehído Oxidasa
Regulación hacia Abajo
Errores Innatos del Metabolismo
Xantina Deshidrogenasa
Cristalización
Técnicas In Vitro
Cálculos Renales
Humanos
Urolitiasis
Errores Innatos del Metabolismo de la Purina-Pirimidina
Precipitación Química
topic Urolithiasis
In Vitro Techniques
Kidney Calculi
Aldehyde Oxidase
Humans
Purine-Pyrimidine Metabolism, Inborn Errors
Metabolism, Inborn Errors
Crystallization
Down-Regulation
Xanthine Dehydrogenase
Xanthines
Chemical Precipitation
Xanthine
Xantina
Xantinas
Aldehído Oxidasa
Regulación hacia Abajo
Errores Innatos del Metabolismo
Xantina Deshidrogenasa
Cristalización
Técnicas In Vitro
Cálculos Renales
Humanos
Urolitiasis
Errores Innatos del Metabolismo de la Purina-Pirimidina
Precipitación Química
description Objective To identify in vitro inhibitors of xanthine crystallization that have potential for inhibiting the formation of xanthine crystals in urine and preventing the development of the renal calculi in patients with xanthinuria. Methods The formation of xanthine crystals in synthetic urine and the effects of 10 potential crystallization inhibitors were assessed using a kinetic turbidimetric system with a photometer. The maximum concentration tested for each compound was: 20 mg/L for 3-methylxanthine (3MX); 40 mg/L for 7-methylxanthine (7-MX), 1-methylxanthine (1-MX), theobromine (TB), theophylline, paraxanthine, and caffeine; 45 mg/L for 1-methyluric acid; 80 mg/L for 1,3-dimethyluric acid; and 200 mg/L for hypoxanthine. Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the morphology of the crystals formed when inhibitory effects were observed. Results Only 7-MX, 3-MX, and 1-MX significantly inhibited xanthine crystallization at the tested concentrations. Mixtures of inhibitors had an additive effect rather than a synergistic effect on crystallization. Conclusion Two of the inhibitors identified here D 7-MX and 3-MX D are major metabolites of TB. In particular, after TB consumption, 20% is excreted in the urine as TB, 21.5% as 3-MX, and 36% as 7-MX. Thus, consumption of theobromine could protect patients with xanthinuria from the development of renal xanthine calculi. Clinical trials are necessary to demonstrate these effects in vivo.
publishDate 2018
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2018
2018-08-29
2018
2018-08-29
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv research article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1
dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13003/9168
url https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13003/9168
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
eng
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
language eng
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.rights.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Public Library Science
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Public Library Science
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Docusalut
instname:Conselleria de Salut i Consum del Govern de les Illes Balears
instname_str Conselleria de Salut i Consum del Govern de les Illes Balears
reponame_str Docusalut
collection Docusalut
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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score 15,812429

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