The Tarnishing of Silver in Museum Collections: A Study at the National Archaeological Museum (Spain)

[Data Availability Statement] Data used in this paper are available at DigitalCSIC repository in the dataset Silver Conservation DataSet Collection 1. A study of silver tarnishing at National Archaeological Museum of Spain (I). https://doi.org/10.20350/digitalCSIC/17838.

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Ramírez Barat, Blanca, Llorente, Irene, Ruiz Zamora, Elena, Molina Delgado, M. Teresa, Cano Díaz, Emilio, Culubret Worms, Bárbara, García-Patrón, Nayra
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/412272
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/412272
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Silver
Tarnish
Indoor air pollution
Preventive conservation
Museum collections
Display cases
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spelling The Tarnishing of Silver in Museum Collections: A Study at the National Archaeological Museum (Spain)El empañamiento de la plata en colecciones de museo. Un estudio en el Museo Arqueológico Nacional de EspañaRamírez Barat, BlancaLlorente, IreneRuiz Zamora, ElenaMolina Delgado, M. TeresaCano Díaz, EmilioCulubret Worms, BárbaraGarcía-Patrón, NayraSilverTarnishIndoor air pollutionPreventive conservationMuseum collectionsDisplay cases[Data Availability Statement] Data used in this paper are available at DigitalCSIC repository in the dataset Silver Conservation DataSet Collection 1. A study of silver tarnishing at National Archaeological Museum of Spain (I). https://doi.org/10.20350/digitalCSIC/17838.Silver tarnishing in museum environments depends on multiple, interacting factors that are not often studied in situ. With the aim of addressing the problem in real-world scenarios, this study presents a one-year assessment at the National Archaeological Museum of Spain, in Madrid, a museum that houses a significant collection of silver objects. Pure Ag coupons were placed in four display cases—two designs with different airtightness—and in an adjacent gallery. Tarnishing was quantified by colorimetry, gravimetry, and galvanostatic reduction, and analyzed in relation to environmental parameters (T/RH) and gaseous pollutants (H2S, SO2, HF, HCl, formic and acetic acids), measured with passive samplers. Coupons showed different degrees of tarnish, with annual corrosion rates ranging from IC1 (very low) to IC2 (low), without a straightforward relation to hydrogen sulfide concentrations. Electrochemical profiles and XPS on representative coupons identified Ag2S as the dominant product, with AgCl and minor Ag2SO4 in the coupons exposed outside the airtight cases, indicating different contributions inside and outside the cases. Findings highlight that sulfide concentration is not the sole driver; case airtightness, internal materials, cleaning products used on adjacent areas, and, possibly, other aspects influence silver tarnishing.This work forms part of project PID2023-152322NA-I00, “Protección de objetos de plata en colecciones de museos”, funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/ and FEDER, EU, and project PIE-202360E133, funded by CSIC. Thanks are due also to grants PREP2023-002121 and JDC2023-050690-I, funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and FSE+.Peer reviewedMultidisciplinary Digital Publishing InstituteEuropean CommissionAgencia Estatal de Investigación (España)Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España)Ramírez Barat, Blanca [0000-0001-5306-4057]Llorente, Irene [0000-0003-3217-2264]Molina Delgado, M. Teresa [0000-0003-1183-5559]Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]2026202620252026info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/412272reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Inglés#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023/PID2023-152322NA-I00Ramírez Barat, Blanca; Llorente, Irene; Ruiz Zamora, Elena; Molina Delgado, M. Teresa; Cano Díaz, Emilio; Culubret Worms, Bárbara; García-Patrón, Nayra; 2025; Silver Conservation DataSet Collection 1. A study of silver tarnishing at National Archaeological Museum of Spain (I) [Dataset]; DIGITAL.CSIC; https://doi.org/10.20350/digitalCSIC/17838Ramírez Barat, Blanca; Llorente, Irene; Ruiz Zamora, Elena; Molina Delgado, M. Teresa; Cano, Emilio; Culubret Worms, Bárbara; García-Patrón, Nayra. El empañamiento de la plata en colecciones de museo. Un estudio en el Museo Arqueológico Nacional de España. http://hdl.handle.net/10261/413031https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage9010011Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/4122722026-05-22T06:33:51Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv The Tarnishing of Silver in Museum Collections: A Study at the National Archaeological Museum (Spain)
El empañamiento de la plata en colecciones de museo. Un estudio en el Museo Arqueológico Nacional de España
title The Tarnishing of Silver in Museum Collections: A Study at the National Archaeological Museum (Spain)
spellingShingle The Tarnishing of Silver in Museum Collections: A Study at the National Archaeological Museum (Spain)
Ramírez Barat, Blanca
Silver
Tarnish
Indoor air pollution
Preventive conservation
Museum collections
Display cases
title_short The Tarnishing of Silver in Museum Collections: A Study at the National Archaeological Museum (Spain)
title_full The Tarnishing of Silver in Museum Collections: A Study at the National Archaeological Museum (Spain)
title_fullStr The Tarnishing of Silver in Museum Collections: A Study at the National Archaeological Museum (Spain)
title_full_unstemmed The Tarnishing of Silver in Museum Collections: A Study at the National Archaeological Museum (Spain)
title_sort The Tarnishing of Silver in Museum Collections: A Study at the National Archaeological Museum (Spain)
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Ramírez Barat, Blanca
Llorente, Irene
Ruiz Zamora, Elena
Molina Delgado, M. Teresa
Cano Díaz, Emilio
Culubret Worms, Bárbara
García-Patrón, Nayra
author Ramírez Barat, Blanca
author_facet Ramírez Barat, Blanca
Llorente, Irene
Ruiz Zamora, Elena
Molina Delgado, M. Teresa
Cano Díaz, Emilio
Culubret Worms, Bárbara
García-Patrón, Nayra
author_role author
author2 Llorente, Irene
Ruiz Zamora, Elena
Molina Delgado, M. Teresa
Cano Díaz, Emilio
Culubret Worms, Bárbara
García-Patrón, Nayra
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv European Commission
Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España)
Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España)
Ramírez Barat, Blanca [0000-0001-5306-4057]
Llorente, Irene [0000-0003-3217-2264]
Molina Delgado, M. Teresa [0000-0003-1183-5559]
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Silver
Tarnish
Indoor air pollution
Preventive conservation
Museum collections
Display cases
topic Silver
Tarnish
Indoor air pollution
Preventive conservation
Museum collections
Display cases
description [Data Availability Statement] Data used in this paper are available at DigitalCSIC repository in the dataset Silver Conservation DataSet Collection 1. A study of silver tarnishing at National Archaeological Museum of Spain (I). https://doi.org/10.20350/digitalCSIC/17838.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025
2026
2026
2026
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
Publisher's version
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/412272
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/412272
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv #PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023/PID2023-152322NA-I00
Ramírez Barat, Blanca; Llorente, Irene; Ruiz Zamora, Elena; Molina Delgado, M. Teresa; Cano Díaz, Emilio; Culubret Worms, Bárbara; García-Patrón, Nayra; 2025; Silver Conservation DataSet Collection 1. A study of silver tarnishing at National Archaeological Museum of Spain (I) [Dataset]; DIGITAL.CSIC; https://doi.org/10.20350/digitalCSIC/17838
Ramírez Barat, Blanca; Llorente, Irene; Ruiz Zamora, Elena; Molina Delgado, M. Teresa; Cano, Emilio; Culubret Worms, Bárbara; García-Patrón, Nayra. El empañamiento de la plata en colecciones de museo. Un estudio en el Museo Arqueológico Nacional de España. http://hdl.handle.net/10261/413031
https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage9010011
Sí
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
collection DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
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repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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