A super-Eddington-accreting black hole ~1.5 Gyr after the Big Bang observed with JWST

Recent James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) observations have revealed a surprisingly abundant population of faint, dusty active galactic nuclei at z ≈ 4–7. Together with the presence of supermassive black holes at z > 6, this raises questions about the formation and growth histories of early black...

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Autores: Suh, Hyewon, Scharwächter, Julia, Farina, Emanuele Paolo, Loiacono, Federica, Lanzuisi, Giorgio, Hasinger, Günther, Marchesi, Stefano, Mezcua, Mar, Decarli, Roberto, Lemaux, Brian C., Volonteri, Marta, Civano, Francesca, Yi, Sukyoung K., Han, San, Rawlings, Mark, Hung, Denise
Formato: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Recursos:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/388052
Acesso em linha:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/388052
https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85208096011
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palavra-chave:Astronomy and astrophysics
Astronomy and planetary science
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oai_identifier_str oai:digital.csic.es:10261/388052
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dc.title.none.fl_str_mv A super-Eddington-accreting black hole ~1.5 Gyr after the Big Bang observed with JWST
title A super-Eddington-accreting black hole ~1.5 Gyr after the Big Bang observed with JWST
spellingShingle A super-Eddington-accreting black hole ~1.5 Gyr after the Big Bang observed with JWST
Suh, Hyewon
Astronomy and astrophysics
Astronomy and planetary science
title_short A super-Eddington-accreting black hole ~1.5 Gyr after the Big Bang observed with JWST
title_full A super-Eddington-accreting black hole ~1.5 Gyr after the Big Bang observed with JWST
title_fullStr A super-Eddington-accreting black hole ~1.5 Gyr after the Big Bang observed with JWST
title_full_unstemmed A super-Eddington-accreting black hole ~1.5 Gyr after the Big Bang observed with JWST
title_sort A super-Eddington-accreting black hole ~1.5 Gyr after the Big Bang observed with JWST
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Suh, Hyewon
Scharwächter, Julia
Farina, Emanuele Paolo
Loiacono, Federica
Lanzuisi, Giorgio
Hasinger, Günther
Marchesi, Stefano
Mezcua, Mar
Decarli, Roberto
Lemaux, Brian C.
Volonteri, Marta
Civano, Francesca
Yi, Sukyoung K.
Han, San
Rawlings, Mark
Hung, Denise
author Suh, Hyewon
author_facet Suh, Hyewon
Scharwächter, Julia
Farina, Emanuele Paolo
Loiacono, Federica
Lanzuisi, Giorgio
Hasinger, Günther
Marchesi, Stefano
Mezcua, Mar
Decarli, Roberto
Lemaux, Brian C.
Volonteri, Marta
Civano, Francesca
Yi, Sukyoung K.
Han, San
Rawlings, Mark
Hung, Denise
author_role author
author2 Scharwächter, Julia
Farina, Emanuele Paolo
Loiacono, Federica
Lanzuisi, Giorgio
Hasinger, Günther
Marchesi, Stefano
Mezcua, Mar
Decarli, Roberto
Lemaux, Brian C.
Volonteri, Marta
Civano, Francesca
Yi, Sukyoung K.
Han, San
Rawlings, Mark
Hung, Denise
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España)
Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España)
National Research Foundation of Korea
NASA
National Science Foundation (US)
Suh, Hyewon [0000-0002-2536-1633]
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Astronomy and astrophysics
Astronomy and planetary science
topic Astronomy and astrophysics
Astronomy and planetary science
description Recent James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) observations have revealed a surprisingly abundant population of faint, dusty active galactic nuclei at z ≈ 4–7. Together with the presence of supermassive black holes at z > 6, this raises questions about the formation and growth histories of early black holes. Current theories for the formation of seed black holes from the death of the first stars (that is, light seeds) and/or the direct collapse of primordial gas clouds (that is, heavy seeds) still lack observational confirmation. Here we present LID-568, a low-mass (7.2 × 106 M⊙) black hole hosting powerful outflows that is observed in an extreme phase of rapid growth at redshift z ≈ 4. This object is similar to other JWST-discovered faint active galactic nuclei populations, but is bright in X-ray emission and accreting at more than 4,000% of the limit at which radiation pressure exceeds the force of gravitational attraction of the black hole (that is, super-Eddington accretion). Analysis of JWST Near-Infrared Spectrograph integral field unit data reveals spatially extended Hα emission with velocities of ~−600–−500 km s−1 relative to the central black hole, indicative of robust nuclear-driven outflows. LID-568 represents an elusive low-mass black hole experiencing super-Eddington accretion as invoked by models of early black hole formation. This discovery showcases a previously undiscovered key parameter space and offers crucial insights into rapid black hole growth mechanisms in the early universe.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025
2025
2025
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
Publisher's version
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/388052
https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85208096011
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/388052
https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85208096011
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv #PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023/PID2021-124243NB-C22
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023/CEX2020-001058-M
Suh, Hyewon; Scharwächter, Julia; Farina, Emanuele Paolo; Loiacono, Federica; Lanzuisi, Giorgio; Hasinger, Günther; Marchesi, Stefano; Mezcua, Mar; Decarli, Roberto; Lemaux, Brian C.; Volonteri, Marta; Civano, Francesca; Yi, Sukyoung K.; Han, San; Rawlings, Mark; Hung, Denise; 2025; Supplementary information: A super-Eddington-accreting black hole ~1.5 Gyr after the Big Bang observed with JWST; Springer Nature; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-024-02402-9
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-024-02402-9

dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Springer Nature
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Springer Nature
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
collection DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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spelling A super-Eddington-accreting black hole ~1.5 Gyr after the Big Bang observed with JWSTSuh, HyewonScharwächter, JuliaFarina, Emanuele PaoloLoiacono, FedericaLanzuisi, GiorgioHasinger, GüntherMarchesi, StefanoMezcua, MarDecarli, RobertoLemaux, Brian C.Volonteri, MartaCivano, FrancescaYi, Sukyoung K.Han, SanRawlings, MarkHung, DeniseAstronomy and astrophysicsAstronomy and planetary scienceRecent James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) observations have revealed a surprisingly abundant population of faint, dusty active galactic nuclei at z ≈ 4–7. Together with the presence of supermassive black holes at z > 6, this raises questions about the formation and growth histories of early black holes. Current theories for the formation of seed black holes from the death of the first stars (that is, light seeds) and/or the direct collapse of primordial gas clouds (that is, heavy seeds) still lack observational confirmation. Here we present LID-568, a low-mass (7.2 × 106 M⊙) black hole hosting powerful outflows that is observed in an extreme phase of rapid growth at redshift z ≈ 4. This object is similar to other JWST-discovered faint active galactic nuclei populations, but is bright in X-ray emission and accreting at more than 4,000% of the limit at which radiation pressure exceeds the force of gravitational attraction of the black hole (that is, super-Eddington accretion). Analysis of JWST Near-Infrared Spectrograph integral field unit data reveals spatially extended Hα emission with velocities of ~−600–−500 km s−1 relative to the central black hole, indicative of robust nuclear-driven outflows. LID-568 represents an elusive low-mass black hole experiencing super-Eddington accretion as invoked by models of early black hole formation. This discovery showcases a previously undiscovered key parameter space and offers crucial insights into rapid black hole growth mechanisms in the early universe.H.S., J.S., E.P.F., B.C.L., M.R. and D.H. are supported by the international Gemini Observatory, a program of NSF NOIRLab, which is managed by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation, on behalf of the Gemini partnership of Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, the Republic of Korea and the United States. F.L. acknowledges support from the INAF 2023 mini-grant ‘Exploiting the powerful capabilities of JWST/NIRSpec to unveil the distant Universe’. M.M. acknowledges support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the project PID2021-124243NB-C22. This work was partially supported by the programme Unidad de Excelencia María de Maeztu CEX2020-001058-M. S.K.Y. acknowledges support from the Korean National Research Foundation (2020R1A2C3003769, 2022R1A6A1A03053472) and the IBS computing centre for the super-Eddington accretion project. This work is based on observations made with the NASA/ESA/CSA JWST. The data were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127 for JWST. These observations are associated with programme no. 1760. Support for programme no. 1760 was provided by NASA through a grant from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127. This paper makes use of the following ALMA data: ADS/JAO.ALMA#2019.1.01275.S. ALMA is a partnership of ESO (representing its member states), NSF (United States) and NINS (Japan), together with NRC (Canada), MOST and ASIAA (Taiwan), and KASI (Republic of Korea), in cooperation with the Republic of Chile. The Joint ALMA Observatory is operated by ESO, AUI/NRAO and NAOJ. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc.With funding from the Spanish government through the "María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence" accreditation (CEX2020-001058-M)Peer reviewedSpringer NatureMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovación (España)Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España)National Research Foundation of KoreaNASANational Science Foundation (US)Suh, Hyewon [0000-0002-2536-1633]Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]202520252025info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/388052https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85208096011reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Inglés#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023/PID2021-124243NB-C22info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023/CEX2020-001058-MSuh, Hyewon; Scharwächter, Julia; Farina, Emanuele Paolo; Loiacono, Federica; Lanzuisi, Giorgio; Hasinger, Günther; Marchesi, Stefano; Mezcua, Mar; Decarli, Roberto; Lemaux, Brian C.; Volonteri, Marta; Civano, Francesca; Yi, Sukyoung K.; Han, San; Rawlings, Mark; Hung, Denise; 2025; Supplementary information: A super-Eddington-accreting black hole ~1.5 Gyr after the Big Bang observed with JWST; Springer Nature; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-024-02402-9https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-024-02402-9Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/3880522026-05-22T06:33:51Z
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