Climate variability induces changes in phytoplankton phenology across Spanish marine ecoregions

[Data availability] All data used in this study are publicly available online. NASA Ocean Color provided Aqua-MODIS-OC3M-derived (L3) surface chl-a concentrations (https://oceandata.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/l3/; last accessed: March 2025). E.U. Copernicus Marine Service made available L4 satellite-derived...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Fernández-Barba, Manuel, Almaraz, Pablo, Huertas, I. Emma, Navarro, Gabriel
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/402053
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/402053
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Phytoplankton Phenology
Climate Variability
Marine Heatwaves
Windiness
Causal Inference
id ES_d7e65db16be387f417becfc4599b31d2
oai_identifier_str oai:digital.csic.es:10261/402053
network_acronym_str ES
network_name_str España
repository_id_str
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Climate variability induces changes in phytoplankton phenology across Spanish marine ecoregions
title Climate variability induces changes in phytoplankton phenology across Spanish marine ecoregions
spellingShingle Climate variability induces changes in phytoplankton phenology across Spanish marine ecoregions
Fernández-Barba, Manuel
Phytoplankton Phenology
Climate Variability
Marine Heatwaves
Windiness
Causal Inference
title_short Climate variability induces changes in phytoplankton phenology across Spanish marine ecoregions
title_full Climate variability induces changes in phytoplankton phenology across Spanish marine ecoregions
title_fullStr Climate variability induces changes in phytoplankton phenology across Spanish marine ecoregions
title_full_unstemmed Climate variability induces changes in phytoplankton phenology across Spanish marine ecoregions
title_sort Climate variability induces changes in phytoplankton phenology across Spanish marine ecoregions
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Fernández-Barba, Manuel
Almaraz, Pablo
Huertas, I. Emma
Navarro, Gabriel
author Fernández-Barba, Manuel
author_facet Fernández-Barba, Manuel
Almaraz, Pablo
Huertas, I. Emma
Navarro, Gabriel
author_role author
author2 Almaraz, Pablo
Huertas, I. Emma
Navarro, Gabriel
author2_role author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv European Commission
Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica y el Reto Demográfico (España)
Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España)
Fernández-Barba, Manuel [0000-0001-8953-2481]
Almaraz, Pablo [0000-0003-1416-2695]
Huertas, I. Emma [0000-0003-1033-7937]
Navarro, Gabriel [0000-0002-8919-0060]
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Phytoplankton Phenology
Climate Variability
Marine Heatwaves
Windiness
Causal Inference
topic Phytoplankton Phenology
Climate Variability
Marine Heatwaves
Windiness
Causal Inference
description [Data availability] All data used in this study are publicly available online. NASA Ocean Color provided Aqua-MODIS-OC3M-derived (L3) surface chl-a concentrations (https://oceandata.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/l3/; last accessed: March 2025). E.U. Copernicus Marine Service made available L4 satellite-derived chl-a concentrations in sea water (https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00289; last accessed: March 2025); L4 satellite-derived SST, from the European North West Shelf/Iberia Biscay Irish Seas – (https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00153; last accessed: March 2025), and from the Global Ocean OSTIA (https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00168; last accessed: March 2025); and GLORYS12V1-derived MLD (https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00021; last accessed: March 2025). E.U. Copernicus Climate Change Service, implemented by ECMWF, provided CERRA 10 m-wind speed data (https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.622a565a; last accessed: March 2025). British Oceanographic Data Centre supplied ocean bottom depths through GEBCO_2023 Grid (https://www.gebco.net/data_and_products/gridded_bathymetry_data/gebco_2023/; last accessed: March 2025). All codes developed in Python 3.12.8 for data analyses, along with all phenology and CCM/GCCM output data, are freely available at https://github.com/ManuFBarba/Estrategias_Marinas and at https://doi.org/10.20350/digitalCSIC/17348 (Fernández-Barba et al., 2025).
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025
2025
2025
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
Publisher's version
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/402053
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/402053
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv Fernández-Barba, Manuel; Almaraz, Pablo; Huertas, I. Emma; Navarro, Gabriel; 2024; Phytoplankton Bloom Phenology Metrics and Causality Analyses Across Spanish Marine Ecoregions Under Climate Variability [Dataset]; DIGITAL.CSIC; https://doi.org/10.20350/digitalCSIC/17348
The underlying dataset has been published as supplementary material of the article in the publisher platform at DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103583
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103583
Sí
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier BV
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier BV
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
collection DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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spelling Climate variability induces changes in phytoplankton phenology across Spanish marine ecoregionsFernández-Barba, ManuelAlmaraz, PabloHuertas, I. EmmaNavarro, GabrielPhytoplankton PhenologyClimate VariabilityMarine HeatwavesWindinessCausal Inference[Data availability] All data used in this study are publicly available online. NASA Ocean Color provided Aqua-MODIS-OC3M-derived (L3) surface chl-a concentrations (https://oceandata.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/l3/; last accessed: March 2025). E.U. Copernicus Marine Service made available L4 satellite-derived chl-a concentrations in sea water (https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00289; last accessed: March 2025); L4 satellite-derived SST, from the European North West Shelf/Iberia Biscay Irish Seas – (https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00153; last accessed: March 2025), and from the Global Ocean OSTIA (https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00168; last accessed: March 2025); and GLORYS12V1-derived MLD (https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00021; last accessed: March 2025). E.U. Copernicus Climate Change Service, implemented by ECMWF, provided CERRA 10 m-wind speed data (https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.622a565a; last accessed: March 2025). British Oceanographic Data Centre supplied ocean bottom depths through GEBCO_2023 Grid (https://www.gebco.net/data_and_products/gridded_bathymetry_data/gebco_2023/; last accessed: March 2025). All codes developed in Python 3.12.8 for data analyses, along with all phenology and CCM/GCCM output data, are freely available at https://github.com/ManuFBarba/Estrategias_Marinas and at https://doi.org/10.20350/digitalCSIC/17348 (Fernández-Barba et al., 2025).Climate change is altering the global phenology of phytoplankton (i.e., the timing and magnitude of blooms) by influencing upper-ocean physical and biogeochemical conditions. However, less is known about regional phytoplankton responses to short-term climate extremes, despite their increasing severity and profound ecological impacts. In this study, we broadly investigate spatiotemporal changes in phytoplankton phenology across Spanish marine ecoregions using 26 years of high-resolution L4 chlorophyll-a data from Copernicus’ multisatellite observations. We identify a regionally dependent trend toward less intense, longer-lasting coastal phytoplankton blooms that initiate and terminate earlier, accompanied by a decline in seasonality over the past decade. Notably, we find greater variability in the reproducibility of phytoplankton seasonal cycles during years of pronounced climatic instability. Further, using cutting-edge analytical methods, we empirically reveal causal, nonlinear relationships between dynamical changes in phytoplankton phenology and thermal (i.e., marine heatwaves) and wind-speed (i.e., Windiness) extremes. Our findings improve predictive skill for phytoplankton responses to transient climate events, providing evidence of their influence in shaping phytoplankton dynamics; insights particularly relevant for anticipating ecological and socioeconomic impacts.This research was funded by the European Union –NextGeneration EU– as part of the MITECO program for the Spanish Recovery, Transformation and Resilience Plan (Recovery and Resilience Facility of the European Union established by the Regulation (EU) 2020/2094), and was entrusted to CSIC, AZTI, SOCIB, and the Universities of Vigo and Cadiz; and the OAPN (Observatorio TIAMAT, REF: 2715/2021). This work was also supported by funding from PIE202330E222 and IMOVE24102.Peer reviewedElsevier BVEuropean CommissionMinisterio para la Transición Ecológica y el Reto Demográfico (España)Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España)Fernández-Barba, Manuel [0000-0001-8953-2481]Almaraz, Pablo [0000-0003-1416-2695]Huertas, I. Emma [0000-0003-1033-7937]Navarro, Gabriel [0000-0002-8919-0060]Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]202520252025info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/402053reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)InglésFernández-Barba, Manuel; Almaraz, Pablo; Huertas, I. Emma; Navarro, Gabriel; 2024; Phytoplankton Bloom Phenology Metrics and Causality Analyses Across Spanish Marine Ecoregions Under Climate Variability [Dataset]; DIGITAL.CSIC; https://doi.org/10.20350/digitalCSIC/17348The underlying dataset has been published as supplementary material of the article in the publisher platform at DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103583https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103583Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/4020532026-05-22T06:33:51Z
score 15,811543

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