Integration of MXene and diamond nanoparticles in an electrochemical sensor for tanshinol determination

Recent studies have highlighted the growing use of Ti₃C₂ MXenes in electrochemical sensing, particularly in hybrid systems with other nanomaterials. However, their combination with diamond nanoparticles remains largely unexplored. In this context, the present work introduces a novel Ti₃C₂ MXene/diam...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Hernández, Claudia, Blanco Gil, Elías, Cama, Marta, Vázquez, Luis, Petit Domínguez, María Dolores, da Silva de Campos, María  Pilar, López-Pedregosa, Sandra, Martín-Gago, J. A., Quintana Mani, María del Carmen, Casero Junquera, María Elena
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2026
País:España
Institución:Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
Repositorio:Biblos-e Archivo. Repositorio Institucional de la UAM
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:dnet:biblosearchi::73fa81c17c0ebca3b2d54f8770fdee37
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/10486/778340
https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2026.118732
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Ti₃C₂ MXene
Diamond nanoparticles
Electrochemical sensors
Tanshinol
SEM
AFM
Química
Descripción
Sumario:Recent studies have highlighted the growing use of Ti₃C₂ MXenes in electrochemical sensing, particularly in hybrid systems with other nanomaterials. However, their combination with diamond nanoparticles remains largely unexplored. In this context, the present work introduces a novel Ti₃C₂ MXene/diamond nanoparticle electrochemical platform for tanshinol detection, demonstrating a clear synergistic effect. Additionally, MXenes were synthesized using three different strategies namely, chemical etching with 30% HF, chemical etching via in situ HF generation from NaF and HCl, and electrochemical etching. The resulting nanomaterials were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, electrochemical and microscopic techniques to explore how the synthesis route affects the sensing response. An enhanced electrochemical response to tanshinol was observed for sensors incorporating both MXenes and diamond nanoparticles, demonstrating that the integration of both nanomaterials provides a synergistic electrochemical interface, outperforming single nanomaterial modifications. Moreover, evaluating the impact of the MXene synthesis method on sensor performance enabled the identification of optimal fabrication conditions, with MXenes prepared via chemical synthesis using 30% HF showing the best results when incorporated into the electrochemical platform. Subsequently, the sensor design was optimized, including modification sequence, type of MXene, and quantity of nanomaterials, along with chemical and instrumental parameters affecting the electrochemical response toward tanshinol. Tanshinol is an active compound extracted from the herb Salvia miltiorrhiza, widely used due to its pharmacological properties. The sensor's response to varying tanshinol concentrations was evaluated using differential pulse voltammetry, resulting in a linear range from 2.92 μM to 100 μM, with limits of detection and quantification of 0.875 μM and 2.92 μM, respectively. Finally, the sensor was successfully applied to the determination of tanshinol, in a real sample of Salvia miltiorrhiza infusion. This work aims to address the impact of the MXene synthesis route on the electrochemical response and to contribute to the rational design of nanostructured electrochemical sensors, highlighting the role of hybrid nanomaterials in advancing analytical methodologies