The Dual Solar (Solstitial) and Cardinal Orientation in Planning the Middle Kingdom Funerary Complexes in Qubbet el-Hawa

The Qubbet el-Hawa necropolis, located on the west bank of the Nile, was the burial site chosen by the elite of Elephantine, from the Old Kingdom to the Middle Kingdom, and became one of the most important provincial cemeteries in the country. The hill affects the course of the River Nile and determ...

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Autores: Martínez Hermoso, Juan Antonio, Mozas Calvache, Antonio T., Pérez García, José Luís
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2021
País:España
Institución:Universidad de La Laguna (ULL)
Repositorio:RIULL. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de La Laguna
OAI Identifier:oai:riull.ull.es:915/27344
Acceso en línea:http://riull.ull.es/xmlui/handle/915/27344
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Arquitectura egipcia antigua
arqueoastronomía
acimut
hipogeo
norte verdadero
solsticio
id ES_d760fb37fe99215f8feb0e32f0127ec1
oai_identifier_str oai:riull.ull.es:915/27344
network_acronym_str ES
network_name_str España
repository_id_str
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv The Dual Solar (Solstitial) and Cardinal Orientation in Planning the Middle Kingdom Funerary Complexes in Qubbet el-Hawa
La doble orientación cardinal y solar (solsticial) en la planificación de los complejos funerarios del Reino Medio en Qubbet el-Hawa
title The Dual Solar (Solstitial) and Cardinal Orientation in Planning the Middle Kingdom Funerary Complexes in Qubbet el-Hawa
spellingShingle The Dual Solar (Solstitial) and Cardinal Orientation in Planning the Middle Kingdom Funerary Complexes in Qubbet el-Hawa
Martínez Hermoso, Juan Antonio
Arquitectura egipcia antigua
arqueoastronomía
acimut
hipogeo
norte verdadero
solsticio
title_short The Dual Solar (Solstitial) and Cardinal Orientation in Planning the Middle Kingdom Funerary Complexes in Qubbet el-Hawa
title_full The Dual Solar (Solstitial) and Cardinal Orientation in Planning the Middle Kingdom Funerary Complexes in Qubbet el-Hawa
title_fullStr The Dual Solar (Solstitial) and Cardinal Orientation in Planning the Middle Kingdom Funerary Complexes in Qubbet el-Hawa
title_full_unstemmed The Dual Solar (Solstitial) and Cardinal Orientation in Planning the Middle Kingdom Funerary Complexes in Qubbet el-Hawa
title_sort The Dual Solar (Solstitial) and Cardinal Orientation in Planning the Middle Kingdom Funerary Complexes in Qubbet el-Hawa
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Martínez Hermoso, Juan Antonio
Mozas Calvache, Antonio T.
Pérez García, José Luís
author Martínez Hermoso, Juan Antonio
author_facet Martínez Hermoso, Juan Antonio
Mozas Calvache, Antonio T.
Pérez García, José Luís
author_role author
author2 Mozas Calvache, Antonio T.
Pérez García, José Luís
author2_role author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Arquitectura egipcia antigua
arqueoastronomía
acimut
hipogeo
norte verdadero
solsticio
topic Arquitectura egipcia antigua
arqueoastronomía
acimut
hipogeo
norte verdadero
solsticio
description The Qubbet el-Hawa necropolis, located on the west bank of the Nile, was the burial site chosen by the elite of Elephantine, from the Old Kingdom to the Middle Kingdom, and became one of the most important provincial cemeteries in the country. The hill affects the course of the River Nile and determines the disposition of the hypogea distributed between its two slopes (southeast and northeast). Therefore, the topography (and the river) determined the alignments of most of the tombs. During the Middle Kingdom, although only six large funerary complexes were built, there was a very significant change in the architecture of the necropolis in terms of the design of the burial chapels (which were planned as if they were a funerary temple), as well as the accuracy of the construction methods. In addition, they stand out because they were planned (and built) with a strongly symbolic double orientation, which is the subject of this study. The astronomical alignments of these funerary complexes, normally associated with royal temples and burials, appear to have been appropriated by the governors of Elephantine, lower-level officials, which has implications for our understanding of both Egyptian governance and Egyptian astronomy; undoubtedly, the architects had to possess knowledge of astronomy. The result is that these funerary complexes represent a clear example of “cultured” architecture carried out in a provincial cemetery. This article examines in detail the alignments of four of these funeral complexes: QH36, QH32, QH31 and QH33, building on the work of Belmonte and his collaborators in Qubbet el-Hawa, who are primarily responsible for increasing our data of Egyptian astronomical alignments.
publishDate 2021
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2021
2022
2022
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://riull.ull.es/xmlui/handle/915/27344
url http://riull.ull.es/xmlui/handle/915/27344
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv Trabajos de Egiptología, 2021, n. 12, pp.113-137;
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Universidad de La Laguna, Centro de Estudios Africanos
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Universidad de La Laguna, Centro de Estudios Africanos
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:RIULL. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de La Laguna
instname:Universidad de La Laguna (ULL)
instname_str Universidad de La Laguna (ULL)
reponame_str RIULL. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de La Laguna
collection RIULL. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de La Laguna
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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spelling The Dual Solar (Solstitial) and Cardinal Orientation in Planning the Middle Kingdom Funerary Complexes in Qubbet el-HawaLa doble orientación cardinal y solar (solsticial) en la planificación de los complejos funerarios del Reino Medio en Qubbet el-HawaMartínez Hermoso, Juan AntonioMozas Calvache, Antonio T.Pérez García, José LuísArquitectura egipcia antiguaarqueoastronomíaacimuthipogeonorte verdaderosolsticioThe Qubbet el-Hawa necropolis, located on the west bank of the Nile, was the burial site chosen by the elite of Elephantine, from the Old Kingdom to the Middle Kingdom, and became one of the most important provincial cemeteries in the country. The hill affects the course of the River Nile and determines the disposition of the hypogea distributed between its two slopes (southeast and northeast). Therefore, the topography (and the river) determined the alignments of most of the tombs. During the Middle Kingdom, although only six large funerary complexes were built, there was a very significant change in the architecture of the necropolis in terms of the design of the burial chapels (which were planned as if they were a funerary temple), as well as the accuracy of the construction methods. In addition, they stand out because they were planned (and built) with a strongly symbolic double orientation, which is the subject of this study. The astronomical alignments of these funerary complexes, normally associated with royal temples and burials, appear to have been appropriated by the governors of Elephantine, lower-level officials, which has implications for our understanding of both Egyptian governance and Egyptian astronomy; undoubtedly, the architects had to possess knowledge of astronomy. The result is that these funerary complexes represent a clear example of “cultured” architecture carried out in a provincial cemetery. This article examines in detail the alignments of four of these funeral complexes: QH36, QH32, QH31 and QH33, building on the work of Belmonte and his collaborators in Qubbet el-Hawa, who are primarily responsible for increasing our data of Egyptian astronomical alignments.La necrópolis de Qubbet el-Hawa, situada en la orilla occidental del Nilo, fue el lugar de enterramiento elegido por la élite elefantina, desde el Reino Antiguo hasta el Reino Medio, convirtiéndose en uno de los cementerios provinciales más importantes del país. La colina condiciona el curso del río Nilo y determina la disposición de los hipogeos que se distribuyen entre sus dos vertientes (sureste y noreste), adaptándose a su topografía. Por tanto, la topografía (y el Nilo) determinaron las alineaciones de la mayoría de las tumbas. Durante el Reino Medio, aunque solo se construyeron seis grandes complejos funerarios, se produjo un cambio muy significativo en la arquitectura de la necrópolis tanto en el diseño de las capillas funerarias (planificadas como si fueran un templo funerario) como la exactitud de los métodos constructivos; además, destacan porque fueron planificados (y construidos) con una doble orientación cargada de fuerte carácter simbólico, que es el objeto de este estudio. Los alineamientos astronómicos de estos complejos funerarios, normalmente asociados con templos y tumbas reales, parecen haber sido apropiados por los gobernadores de Elefantina, funcionarios de nivel inferior, lo que nos dice algo interesante sobre el gobierno egipcio y la astronomía egipcia. Sin duda, sus arquitectos debían manejar los conocimientos que los antiguos egipcios tenían de astronomía. El resultado es que estos complejos funerarios representan un claro ejemplo de arquitectura “culta” realizada en un cementerio provincial. En este artículo se examinan en detalle las alineaciones de cuatro de estos complejos funerarios: QH36, QH32, QH31 y QH33, extendiendo en Qubbet el-Hawa el trabajo de Belmonte y sus colaboradores, los principales responsables de ampliar los datos de las alineaciones astronómicas egipcias.Universidad de La Laguna, Centro de Estudios Africanos202220222021info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfhttp://riull.ull.es/xmlui/handle/915/27344reponame:RIULL. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de La Lagunainstname:Universidad de La Laguna (ULL)InglésTrabajos de Egiptología, 2021, n. 12, pp.113-137;Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacionalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:riull.ull.es:915/273442026-06-22T13:13:57Z
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