Inertial sensors for gait monitoring and design of adaptive controllers for exoskeletons after stroke

Introduction: Tuning the control parameters is one of the main challenges in robotic gait therapy. Control strategies that vary the control parameters based on the user’s performance are still scarce and do not exploit the potential of using spatiotemporal metrics. The goal of this study was to vali...

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Autores: De Miguel Fernández, Jesús, Salazar Del Rio, Miguel, Rey Prieto, Marta, Bayón, Cristina, Guirao Cano, Lluis, Font Llagunes, Josep M., Lobo Prat, Joan
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2023
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/375258
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/375258
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:stroke
wearable sensors
inertial sensors
IMU
gait analysis
gait assessment
rehabilitation
exoskeleton
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oai_identifier_str oai:digital.csic.es:10261/375258
network_acronym_str ES
network_name_str España
repository_id_str
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Inertial sensors for gait monitoring and design of adaptive controllers for exoskeletons after stroke
title Inertial sensors for gait monitoring and design of adaptive controllers for exoskeletons after stroke
spellingShingle Inertial sensors for gait monitoring and design of adaptive controllers for exoskeletons after stroke
De Miguel Fernández, Jesús
stroke
wearable sensors
inertial sensors
IMU
gait analysis
gait assessment
rehabilitation
exoskeleton
title_short Inertial sensors for gait monitoring and design of adaptive controllers for exoskeletons after stroke
title_full Inertial sensors for gait monitoring and design of adaptive controllers for exoskeletons after stroke
title_fullStr Inertial sensors for gait monitoring and design of adaptive controllers for exoskeletons after stroke
title_full_unstemmed Inertial sensors for gait monitoring and design of adaptive controllers for exoskeletons after stroke
title_sort Inertial sensors for gait monitoring and design of adaptive controllers for exoskeletons after stroke
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv De Miguel Fernández, Jesús
Salazar Del Rio, Miguel
Rey Prieto, Marta
Bayón, Cristina
Guirao Cano, Lluis
Font Llagunes, Josep M.
Lobo Prat, Joan
author De Miguel Fernández, Jesús
author_facet De Miguel Fernández, Jesús
Salazar Del Rio, Miguel
Rey Prieto, Marta
Bayón, Cristina
Guirao Cano, Lluis
Font Llagunes, Josep M.
Lobo Prat, Joan
author_role author
author2 Salazar Del Rio, Miguel
Rey Prieto, Marta
Bayón, Cristina
Guirao Cano, Lluis
Font Llagunes, Josep M.
Lobo Prat, Joan
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España)
Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España)
De Miguel Fernández, Jesús [0000-0001-8651-1642]
Salazar Del Rio, Miguel
Rey Prieto, Marta
Bayón, Cristina [0000-0003-1825-1265]
Guirao Cano, Lluis [0000-0002-8698-9483]
Font Llagunes, Josep M. [0000-0002-7192-2980]
Lobo Prat, Joan [0000-0003-4197-1391]
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv stroke
wearable sensors
inertial sensors
IMU
gait analysis
gait assessment
rehabilitation
exoskeleton
topic stroke
wearable sensors
inertial sensors
IMU
gait analysis
gait assessment
rehabilitation
exoskeleton
description Introduction: Tuning the control parameters is one of the main challenges in robotic gait therapy. Control strategies that vary the control parameters based on the user’s performance are still scarce and do not exploit the potential of using spatiotemporal metrics. The goal of this study was to validate the feasibility of using shank-worn Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) for clinical gait analysis after stroke and evaluate their preliminary applicability in designing an automatic and adaptive controller for a knee exoskeleton (ABLE-KS). Methods: First, we estimated the temporal (i.e., stride time, stance, and swing duration) and spatial (i.e., stride length, maximum vertical displacement, foot clearance, and circumduction) metrics in six post-stroke participants while walking on a treadmill and overground and compared these estimates with data from an optical motion tracking system. Next, we analyzed the relationships between the IMU-estimated metrics and an exoskeleton control parameter related to the peak knee flexion torque. Finally, we trained two machine learning algorithms, i.e., linear regression and neural network, to model the relationship between the exoskeleton torque and maximum vertical displacement, which was the metric that showed the strongest correlations with the data from the optical system [r = 0.84; ICC(A,1) = 0.73; ICC(C,1) = 0.81] and peak knee flexion torque (r = 0.957). Results: Offline validation of both neural network and linear regression models showed good predictions (R2 = 0.70–0.80; MAE = 0.48–0.58 Nm) of the peak torque based on the maximum vertical displacement metric for the participants with better gait function, i.e., gait speed > 0.7 m/s. For the participants with worse gait function, both models failed to provide good predictions (R2 = 0.00–0.19; MAE = 1.15–1.29 Nm) of the peak torque despite having a moderate-to-strong correlation between the spatiotemporal metric and control parameter. Discussion: Our preliminary results indicate that the stride-by-stride estimations of shank-worn IMUs show potential to design automatic and adaptive exoskeleton control strategies for people with moderate impairments in gait function due to stroke
publishDate 2023
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2023
2024
2024
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
Publisher's version
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/375258
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/375258
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv https://doi.org/I 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1208561

dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Frontiers in Bioscience Publications
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Frontiers in Bioscience Publications
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
collection DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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spelling Inertial sensors for gait monitoring and design of adaptive controllers for exoskeletons after strokeDe Miguel Fernández, JesúsSalazar Del Rio, MiguelRey Prieto, MartaBayón, CristinaGuirao Cano, LluisFont Llagunes, Josep M.Lobo Prat, Joanstrokewearable sensorsinertial sensorsIMUgait analysisgait assessmentrehabilitationexoskeletonIntroduction: Tuning the control parameters is one of the main challenges in robotic gait therapy. Control strategies that vary the control parameters based on the user’s performance are still scarce and do not exploit the potential of using spatiotemporal metrics. The goal of this study was to validate the feasibility of using shank-worn Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) for clinical gait analysis after stroke and evaluate their preliminary applicability in designing an automatic and adaptive controller for a knee exoskeleton (ABLE-KS). Methods: First, we estimated the temporal (i.e., stride time, stance, and swing duration) and spatial (i.e., stride length, maximum vertical displacement, foot clearance, and circumduction) metrics in six post-stroke participants while walking on a treadmill and overground and compared these estimates with data from an optical motion tracking system. Next, we analyzed the relationships between the IMU-estimated metrics and an exoskeleton control parameter related to the peak knee flexion torque. Finally, we trained two machine learning algorithms, i.e., linear regression and neural network, to model the relationship between the exoskeleton torque and maximum vertical displacement, which was the metric that showed the strongest correlations with the data from the optical system [r = 0.84; ICC(A,1) = 0.73; ICC(C,1) = 0.81] and peak knee flexion torque (r = 0.957). Results: Offline validation of both neural network and linear regression models showed good predictions (R2 = 0.70–0.80; MAE = 0.48–0.58 Nm) of the peak torque based on the maximum vertical displacement metric for the participants with better gait function, i.e., gait speed > 0.7 m/s. For the participants with worse gait function, both models failed to provide good predictions (R2 = 0.00–0.19; MAE = 1.15–1.29 Nm) of the peak torque despite having a moderate-to-strong correlation between the spatiotemporal metric and control parameter. Discussion: Our preliminary results indicate that the stride-by-stride estimations of shank-worn IMUs show potential to design automatic and adaptive exoskeleton control strategies for people with moderate impairments in gait function due to strokeThis work was supported by grant No. 2020 FI_B 00331 funded by the Agency for Management of University and Research Grants (AGAUR) along with the Secretariat of Universities and Research of the Catalan Ministry of Research and Universities and the European Social Fund (ESF), grant No. 2021 SGR 01052 funded by the Agency for Management of University and Research Grants (AGAUR) and the Catalan Ministry of Research and Universities, and grant PTQ2018- 010227 funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MCI)–Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI). The project that gave rise to these results has received funding from the “la Caixa” Foundation under the grant agreement LCF/TR/CC20/52480002.Peer reviewedFrontiers in Bioscience PublicationsMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovación (España)Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España)De Miguel Fernández, Jesús [0000-0001-8651-1642]Salazar Del Rio, MiguelRey Prieto, MartaBayón, Cristina [0000-0003-1825-1265]Guirao Cano, Lluis [0000-0002-8698-9483]Font Llagunes, Josep M. [0000-0002-7192-2980]Lobo Prat, Joan [0000-0003-4197-1391]Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]202420242023info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/375258reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Ingléshttps://doi.org/I 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1208561Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/3752582026-05-22T06:33:51Z
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