The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs: Characterization of the nearby ultra-compact multiplanetary system YZ Ceti

Context. The nearby ultra-compact multiplanetary system YZ Ceti consists of at least three planets, and a fourth tentative signal. The orbital period of each planet is the subject of discussion in the literature due to strong aliasing in the radial velocity data. The stellar activity of this M dwarf...

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Autores: Stock, S., Kemmer, J., Reffert, S., Trifonov, T., Kaminski, A., Dreizler, S., Quirrenbach, A., Caballero, J. A., Reiners, A., Anglada Escudé, G., Ribas, I., Amado, P. J., Barrado, David, Barnes, J. R., Bauer, F. F., Berdiñas, Z. M., Béjar, V. J. S., Coleman, G. A. L., Cortés Contreras, M., Díez Alonso, E., Domínguez Fernández, A. J., Espinoza, N., Haswell, C. A., Hatzes, Artie, Henning, T., Jenkins, J. S., Jones, H. R. A., Kossakowski, D., Kürster, M., Lafarga, M., Lee, M. H., López González, M. J., Montes, D., Morales, J. C., Morales, N., Pallé, E., Pedraz, S., Rodríguez, E., Rodríguez López, C., Zechmeister, M., Jeffers, S. V.
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2020
País:España
Institución:Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.INTA Repositorio Digital del Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.inta.es:20.500.12666/125
Acceso en línea:https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2020/04/aa36732-19/aa36732-19.html
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12666/125
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Techniques: radial velocities
Stars: individual: YZ Ceti
Stars: late-type
Planets and satellites: terrestrial planets
Planets and satellites: dynamical evolution and stability
Planetary systems
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dc.title.none.fl_str_mv The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs: Characterization of the nearby ultra-compact multiplanetary system YZ Ceti
title The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs: Characterization of the nearby ultra-compact multiplanetary system YZ Ceti
spellingShingle The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs: Characterization of the nearby ultra-compact multiplanetary system YZ Ceti
Stock, S.
Techniques: radial velocities
Stars: individual: YZ Ceti
Stars: late-type
Planets and satellites: terrestrial planets
Planets and satellites: dynamical evolution and stability
Planetary systems
title_short The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs: Characterization of the nearby ultra-compact multiplanetary system YZ Ceti
title_full The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs: Characterization of the nearby ultra-compact multiplanetary system YZ Ceti
title_fullStr The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs: Characterization of the nearby ultra-compact multiplanetary system YZ Ceti
title_full_unstemmed The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs: Characterization of the nearby ultra-compact multiplanetary system YZ Ceti
title_sort The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs: Characterization of the nearby ultra-compact multiplanetary system YZ Ceti
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Stock, S.
Kemmer, J.
Reffert, S.
Trifonov, T.
Kaminski, A.
Dreizler, S.
Quirrenbach, A.
Caballero, J. A.
Reiners, A.
Anglada Escudé, G.
Ribas, I.
Amado, P. J.
Barrado, David
Barnes, J. R.
Bauer, F. F.
Berdiñas, Z. M.
Béjar, V. J. S.
Coleman, G. A. L.
Cortés Contreras, M.
Díez Alonso, E.
Domínguez Fernández, A. J.
Espinoza, N.
Haswell, C. A.
Hatzes, Artie
Henning, T.
Jenkins, J. S.
Jones, H. R. A.
Kossakowski, D.
Kürster, M.
Lafarga, M.
Lee, M. H.
López González, M. J.
Montes, D.
Morales, J. C.
Morales, N.
Pallé, E.
Pedraz, S.
Rodríguez, E.
Rodríguez López, C.
Zechmeister, M.
Jeffers, S. V.
author Stock, S.
author_facet Stock, S.
Kemmer, J.
Reffert, S.
Trifonov, T.
Kaminski, A.
Dreizler, S.
Quirrenbach, A.
Caballero, J. A.
Reiners, A.
Anglada Escudé, G.
Ribas, I.
Amado, P. J.
Barrado, David
Barnes, J. R.
Bauer, F. F.
Berdiñas, Z. M.
Béjar, V. J. S.
Coleman, G. A. L.
Cortés Contreras, M.
Díez Alonso, E.
Domínguez Fernández, A. J.
Espinoza, N.
Haswell, C. A.
Hatzes, Artie
Henning, T.
Jenkins, J. S.
Jones, H. R. A.
Kossakowski, D.
Kürster, M.
Lafarga, M.
Lee, M. H.
López González, M. J.
Montes, D.
Morales, J. C.
Morales, N.
Pallé, E.
Pedraz, S.
Rodríguez, E.
Rodríguez López, C.
Zechmeister, M.
Jeffers, S. V.
author_role author
author2 Kemmer, J.
Reffert, S.
Trifonov, T.
Kaminski, A.
Dreizler, S.
Quirrenbach, A.
Caballero, J. A.
Reiners, A.
Anglada Escudé, G.
Ribas, I.
Amado, P. J.
Barrado, David
Barnes, J. R.
Bauer, F. F.
Berdiñas, Z. M.
Béjar, V. J. S.
Coleman, G. A. L.
Cortés Contreras, M.
Díez Alonso, E.
Domínguez Fernández, A. J.
Espinoza, N.
Haswell, C. A.
Hatzes, Artie
Henning, T.
Jenkins, J. S.
Jones, H. R. A.
Kossakowski, D.
Kürster, M.
Lafarga, M.
Lee, M. H.
López González, M. J.
Montes, D.
Morales, J. C.
Morales, N.
Pallé, E.
Pedraz, S.
Rodríguez, E.
Rodríguez López, C.
Zechmeister, M.
Jeffers, S. V.
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Centros de Excelencia Severo Ochoa, INSTITUTO DE ASTROFISICA DE ANDALUCIA (IAA), SEV-2017-0709
Centros de Excelencia Severo Ochoa, INSTITUTO DE ASTROFÍSICA DE CANARIAS (IAC), SEV-2015-0548
Unidad de Excelencia Científica María de Maeztu Centro de Astrobiología del Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial y CSIC, MDM-2017-0737
0000-0002-1166-9338
0000-0003-3929-1442
0000-0002-0460-8289
0000-0002-0236-775X
0000-0003-0203-8208
0000-0002-7349-1387
0000-0003-2490-4779
0000-0002-6689-0312
0000-0002-8388-6040
0000-0003-1930-5683
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)
Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI)
Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (CONICYT)
Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO)
Junta de Andalucía
European Research Council (ERC)
Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (FONDECYT)
Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)
Generalitat de Catalunya
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Techniques: radial velocities
Stars: individual: YZ Ceti
Stars: late-type
Planets and satellites: terrestrial planets
Planets and satellites: dynamical evolution and stability
Planetary systems
topic Techniques: radial velocities
Stars: individual: YZ Ceti
Stars: late-type
Planets and satellites: terrestrial planets
Planets and satellites: dynamical evolution and stability
Planetary systems
description Context. The nearby ultra-compact multiplanetary system YZ Ceti consists of at least three planets, and a fourth tentative signal. The orbital period of each planet is the subject of discussion in the literature due to strong aliasing in the radial velocity data. The stellar activity of this M dwarf also hampers significantly the derivation of the planetary parameters. Aims. With an additional 229 radial velocity measurements obtained since the discovery publication, we reanalyze the YZ Ceti system and resolve the alias issues. Methods. We use model comparison in the framework of Bayesian statistics and periodogram simulations based on a method by Dawson and Fabrycky to resolve the aliases. We discuss additional signals in the RV data, and derive the planetary parameters by simultaneously modeling the stellar activity with a Gaussian process regression model. To constrain the planetary parameters further we apply a stability analysis on our ensemble of Keplerian fits. Results. We find no evidence for a fourth possible companion. We resolve the aliases: the three planets orbit the star with periods of 2.02 d, 3.06 d, and 4.66 d. We also investigate an effect of the stellar rotational signal on the derivation of the planetary parameters, in particular the eccentricity of the innermost planet. Using photometry we determine the stellar rotational period to be close to 68 d and we also detect this signal in the residuals of a three-planet fit to the RV data and the spectral activity indicators. From our stability analysis we derive a lower limit on the inclination of the system with the assumption of coplanar orbits which is imin = 0.9 deg. From the absence of a transit event with TESS, we derive an upper limit of the inclination of imax = 87.43 deg. Conclusions. YZ Ceti is a prime example of a system where strong aliasing hindered the determination of the orbital periods of exoplanets. Additionally, stellar activity influences the derivation of planetary parameters and modeling them correctly is important for the reliable estimation of the orbital parameters in this specific compact system. Stability considerations then allow additional constraints to be placed on the planetary parameters. © 2020 ESO.
publishDate 2020
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2020
2021
2021
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2020/04/aa36732-19/aa36732-19.html
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12666/125
url https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2020/04/aa36732-19/aa36732-19.html
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12666/125
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv EXPLOTACION CIENTIFICA DE CARMENES Y PREPARACION DE LOS PROXIMOS BUSCADORES DE EXOPLANETAS
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINECO//AYA2015-69350-C3-2-P
ENANAS MARRONES Y PLANETAS AISLADOS Y COMO COMPAÑEROS DE ESTRELLAS
CONTRIBUCION DE LA UGR A LA MISION ESPACIAL PLATO2.0. FASES B2/C/D
ORIGEN Y EVOLUCION DE LAS ENANAS MARRONES Y PLANETAS GIGANTES
ESTRUCTURA, PROCESOS Y CLIMA DE LAS ATMOSFERAS DE LA TIERRA Y EXO-PLANETAS
From Planet-Forming Disks to Giant Planets
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2013-2016/ESP2017-87676-C5-2-R
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2013-2016/AYA2016-79425-C3-1-P
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2013-2016/ESP2017-87143-R
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2013-2016/AYA2016-79425-C3-2-P
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/832428
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
© ESO 2020
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
© ESO 2020
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv EDP Sciences
publisher.none.fl_str_mv EDP Sciences
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.INTA Repositorio Digital del Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial
instname:Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)
instname_str Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)
reponame_str DIGITAL.INTA Repositorio Digital del Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial
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spelling The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs: Characterization of the nearby ultra-compact multiplanetary system YZ CetiStock, S.Kemmer, J.Reffert, S.Trifonov, T.Kaminski, A.Dreizler, S.Quirrenbach, A.Caballero, J. A.Reiners, A.Anglada Escudé, G.Ribas, I.Amado, P. J.Barrado, DavidBarnes, J. R.Bauer, F. F.Berdiñas, Z. M.Béjar, V. J. S.Coleman, G. A. L.Cortés Contreras, M.Díez Alonso, E.Domínguez Fernández, A. J.Espinoza, N.Haswell, C. A.Hatzes, Artie Henning, T.Jenkins, J. S.Jones, H. R. A.Kossakowski, D.Kürster, M.Lafarga, M.Lee, M. H.López González, M. J.Montes, D.Morales, J. C.Morales, N.Pallé, E. Pedraz, S.Rodríguez, E.Rodríguez López, C.Zechmeister, M.Jeffers, S. V.Techniques: radial velocitiesStars: individual: YZ CetiStars: late-typePlanets and satellites: terrestrial planetsPlanets and satellites: dynamical evolution and stabilityPlanetary systemsContext. The nearby ultra-compact multiplanetary system YZ Ceti consists of at least three planets, and a fourth tentative signal. The orbital period of each planet is the subject of discussion in the literature due to strong aliasing in the radial velocity data. The stellar activity of this M dwarf also hampers significantly the derivation of the planetary parameters. Aims. With an additional 229 radial velocity measurements obtained since the discovery publication, we reanalyze the YZ Ceti system and resolve the alias issues. Methods. We use model comparison in the framework of Bayesian statistics and periodogram simulations based on a method by Dawson and Fabrycky to resolve the aliases. We discuss additional signals in the RV data, and derive the planetary parameters by simultaneously modeling the stellar activity with a Gaussian process regression model. To constrain the planetary parameters further we apply a stability analysis on our ensemble of Keplerian fits. Results. We find no evidence for a fourth possible companion. We resolve the aliases: the three planets orbit the star with periods of 2.02 d, 3.06 d, and 4.66 d. We also investigate an effect of the stellar rotational signal on the derivation of the planetary parameters, in particular the eccentricity of the innermost planet. Using photometry we determine the stellar rotational period to be close to 68 d and we also detect this signal in the residuals of a three-planet fit to the RV data and the spectral activity indicators. From our stability analysis we derive a lower limit on the inclination of the system with the assumption of coplanar orbits which is imin = 0.9 deg. From the absence of a transit event with TESS, we derive an upper limit of the inclination of imax = 87.43 deg. Conclusions. YZ Ceti is a prime example of a system where strong aliasing hindered the determination of the orbital periods of exoplanets. Additionally, stellar activity influences the derivation of planetary parameters and modeling them correctly is important for the reliable estimation of the orbital parameters in this specific compact system. Stability considerations then allow additional constraints to be placed on the planetary parameters. © 2020 ESO.This work was supported by the DFG Research Unit FOR2544 "Blue Planets around Red Stars", project no. RE 2694/4-1. CARMENES is an instrument for the Centro Astronomico Hispano-Aleman de Calar Alto (CAHA, Almeria, Spain). CARMENES is funded by the German Max-Planck-Gesellschaft (MPG), the Spanish Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), the European Union through FEDER/ERF FICTS -2011 -02 funds, and the members of the CARMENES Consortium (Max-Planck-Institut fur Astronomie, Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia, Landessternwarte Konigstuhl, Institut de Ciencies de l'Espai, Insitut fur Astrophysik Gottingen, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Thuringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, Hamburger Sternwarte, Centro de Astrobiologia and Centro Astronomico Hispano -Aleman), with additional contributions by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, the German Science Foundation through the Major Research Instrumentation Programme and DFG Research Unit FOR2544 "Blue Planets around Red Stars", the Klaus Tschira Stiftung, the states of Baden-Wurttemberg and Niedersachsen, and by the Junta de Andalucia. The authors acknowledge support by the High Performance and Cloud Computing Group at the Zentrum fur Datenverarbeitung of the University of Tubingen, the state of Baden-Wurttemberg through bwHPC and the German Research Foundation (DFG) through grant no. INST 37/935 -1 FUGG. We acknowledge financial support from the Agencia Estatal de Investigacion of the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades and the European FEDER/ERF funds through projects AYA2015-69350-C3-2-P, AYA2016-79425-C3-1/2/3-P, ESP2017-87676-C5-2-R, ESP2017-87143-R and the Centre of Excellence "Severo Ochoa" and "Maria de Maeztu" awards to the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (SEV-2015-0548), Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (SEV-2017-0709), and Centro de Astrobiologia (MDM-2017-0737), and the Generalitat de Catalunya/CERCA programme. This work is supported by the Science and Technology Facilities Council [ST/M001008/1 and ST/P000584/1]. J.S.J. acknowledges support by Fondecyt grant 1161218 and partial support by CATA-Basal (PB06, CONICYT). Z.M.B acknowledges funds from CONICYT-FONDECYT/Chile Postdoctorado 3180405. M.H.L. was supported in part by Hong Kong RGC grant HKU 17305618. T.H. acknowledges support from the European Research Council under the Horizon 2020 Framework Program via the ERC Advanced Grant Origins 83 24 28. Data were partly collected with the robotic 40-cm telescope ASH2 at the SPACEOBS observatory (San Pedro de Atacama, Chile) and the 90-cm telescope at Sierra Nevada Observatory (Granada, Spain) both operated by the Instituto de Astrofifica de Andalucia (IAA). This work has made use of the Exo-Striker tool (Trifonov 2019); With funding from the Spanish government through the "María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence" accreditation (MDM-2017-0737)Peer reviewEDP SciencesCentros de Excelencia Severo Ochoa, INSTITUTO DE ASTROFISICA DE ANDALUCIA (IAA), SEV-2017-0709Centros de Excelencia Severo Ochoa, INSTITUTO DE ASTROFÍSICA DE CANARIAS (IAC), SEV-2015-0548Unidad de Excelencia Científica María de Maeztu Centro de Astrobiología del Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial y CSIC, MDM-2017-07370000-0002-1166-93380000-0003-3929-14420000-0002-0460-82890000-0002-0236-775X0000-0003-0203-82080000-0002-7349-13870000-0003-2490-47790000-0002-6689-03120000-0002-8388-60400000-0003-1930-5683Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI)Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (CONICYT)Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO)Junta de AndalucíaEuropean Research Council (ERC)Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (FONDECYT)Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)Generalitat de Catalunya202120212020info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501application/pdfhttps://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2020/04/aa36732-19/aa36732-19.htmlhttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12666/125reponame:DIGITAL.INTA Repositorio Digital del Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacialinstname:Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)InglésEXPLOTACION CIENTIFICA DE CARMENES Y PREPARACION DE LOS PROXIMOS BUSCADORES DE EXOPLANETASinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINECO//AYA2015-69350-C3-2-PENANAS MARRONES Y PLANETAS AISLADOS Y COMO COMPAÑEROS DE ESTRELLASCONTRIBUCION DE LA UGR A LA MISION ESPACIAL PLATO2.0. FASES B2/C/DORIGEN Y EVOLUCION DE LAS ENANAS MARRONES Y PLANETAS GIGANTESESTRUCTURA, PROCESOS Y CLIMA DE LAS ATMOSFERAS DE LA TIERRA Y EXO-PLANETASFrom Planet-Forming Disks to Giant Planetsinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2013-2016/ESP2017-87676-C5-2-Rinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2013-2016/AYA2016-79425-C3-1-Pinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2013-2016/ESP2017-87143-Rinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2013-2016/AYA2016-79425-C3-2-Pinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/832428Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International© ESO 2020https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.inta.es:20.500.12666/1252026-06-23T12:46:37Z
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