Lagrangian Simulation of Sediment Erosion in Francis Turbines Using a Computational Tool in Python Coupled with OpenFOAM

[EN] Hydraulic erosion from suspended sediment is a major degradation mechanism in Francis turbines of sediment-laden rivers, especially in Andean hydropower plants. This study presents a Python3.9-based computational tool integrating the empirical Oka erosion model within a Lagrangian particle trac...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Mateo Narvaez, Jeremy Guamán, Victor Hugo Hidalgo, Ramos, Helena M., Pérez-Sánchez, Modesto|||0000-0001-8316-7778
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Institución:Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV)
Repositorio:RiuNet. Repositorio Institucional de la Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:dnet:riunet______::b9686d85b6269025700fd0491568ed0b
Acceso en línea:https://riunet.upv.es/handle/10251/233456
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:CFD
Hydraulic erosion
Francis turbines
Solid particles
Oka model
Lagrangian simulation
Python
OpenFOAM
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Descripción
Sumario:[EN] Hydraulic erosion from suspended sediment is a major degradation mechanism in Francis turbines of sediment-laden rivers, especially in Andean hydropower plants. This study presents a Python3.9-based computational tool integrating the empirical Oka erosion model within a Lagrangian particle tracking framework, coupled to single-phase CFD in OpenFOAM 10. The novelty lies in a reduced-domain approach that omits the spiral casing and replicates its particle-induced swirl via a custom algorithm, lowering meshing complexity and computational cost while preserving erosion prediction accuracy. The method was applied to a full-scale Francis turbine at the San Francisco hydropower plant in Ecuador (nominal discharge 62.4 m(3)/s, rated output 115 MW, rotational speed 34.27 rad/s), operating under volcanic and erosive sediment loads. Maximum erosion rates reached similar to 1.2 x 10(-4) mm(3)/kg, concentrated on runner blade trailing edges and guide vane pressure sides. Impact kinematics showed most collisions at near-normal angles (85 degrees-98 degrees, peak at 92 degrees) and 6-9 m/s velocities, with rare 40 m/s impacts causing over 50x more loss than average. The workflow identifies critical wear zones, supports redesign and coating strategies, and offers a transferable, open-source framework for erosion assessment in turbines under diverse sediment-laden conditions.