A Descriptive Study of Brown Bear (Ursus arctos) Sperm Quality and Proteomic Profiles Considering Sperm Origin

[EN] The conservation of small and genetically vulnerable brown bear populations, such as the Cantabrian subpopulation in Spain, depends on developing species-specific assisted reproductive technologies and genetic resource banks. However, the lack of standardized sperm collection and cryopreservati...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Neila Montero, Marta, Anel López, Luis, Maside Mielgo, Carolina, Soriano Úbeda, Cristina de las Mercedes, Montes Garrido, Rafael, Palacín Martínez, Cristina, Díez Zavala, Victoria, Borragán, Santiago, Silva Rodríguez, Antonio, Martín Cano, Francisco Eduardo, Anel Rodríguez, Luis, Álvarez García, Mercedes
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Institución:Universidad de León
Repositorio:BULERIA. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de León
OAI Identifier:oai:buleria.unileon.es:10612/26214
Acceso en línea:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/14/2064
https://hdl.handle.net/10612/26214
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Bioquímica
Fisiología
Genética
Veterinaria
Zoología
Electroejaculation
Epididymis
Urethral catheterization
Semen
Spermatozoa
Sperm proteome
2401.13 Fisiología Animal
2401 Biología Animal (Zoología)
2302 Bioquímica
3109 Ciencias Veterinarias
2401.08 Genética Animal
2302.21 Biología Molecular
Descripción
Sumario:[EN] The conservation of small and genetically vulnerable brown bear populations, such as the Cantabrian subpopulation in Spain, depends on developing species-specific assisted reproductive technologies and genetic resource banks. However, the lack of standardized sperm collection and cryopreservation protocols hinders their application. This study provides the first comparative analysis of sperm quality and proteomic profiles from three different origins: epididymal, pre-ejaculated, and ejaculated. Sperm quality parameters —motility and kinetic, viability, apoptosis, and oxidative stress— and protein expression were assessed. Although yields were similar, marked differences were observed in sperm quality and protein profiles. Sixty-three proteins involved in metabolism, stress response, and oxidative balance were differentially expressed depending on sperm origin. Epididymal sperm showed the highest viability and motility, lowest apoptosis, and a proteomic profile indicative of active spermatogenesis and enhanced oxidative stress defense. In contrast, ejaculated sperm had increased oxidative stress and reduced expression of metabolic proteins, while pre-ejaculated sperm exhibited lower motility, likely due to urine contamination and mitochondrial protein alterations, despite comparable viability and apoptosis. These findings offer novel insights into brown bear sperm biology and highlight the importance of sperm origin in developing optimized assisted reproduction strategies, ultimately supporting ex situ conservation efforts for this species