Rethinking intellectual disability from neuro- to astro-pathology

Neurodevelopmental disorders arise from genetic and/or from environmental factors and are characterized by different degrees of intellectual disability. The mechanisms that govern important processes sustaining learning and memory, which are severely affected in intellectual disability, have classic...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Fernández-Blanco, Álvaro, Dierssen, Mara
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2020
País:España
Institución:Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)
Repositorio:Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya
OAI Identifier:oai:recercat.cat:10230/46837
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10230/46837
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21239039
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Deficiència mental
Down, Síndrome de
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spelling Rethinking intellectual disability from neuro- to astro-pathologyFernández-Blanco, ÁlvaroDierssen, MaraDeficiència mentalDown, Síndrome deNeurodevelopmental disorders arise from genetic and/or from environmental factors and are characterized by different degrees of intellectual disability. The mechanisms that govern important processes sustaining learning and memory, which are severely affected in intellectual disability, have classically been thought to be exclusively under neuronal control. However, this vision has recently evolved into a more integrative conception in which astroglia, rather than just acting as metabolic supply and structural anchoring for neurons, interact at distinct levels modulating neuronal communication and possibly also cognitive processes. Recently, genetic tools have made it possible to specifically manipulate astrocyte activity unraveling novel functions that involve astrocytes in memory function in the healthy brain. However, astrocyte manipulation has also underscored potential mechanisms by which dysfunctional astrocytes could contribute to memory deficits in several neurodevelopmental disorders revealing new pathogenic mechanisms in intellectual disability. Here, we review the current knowledge about astrocyte dysfunction that might contribute to learning and memory impairment in neurodevelopmental disorders, with special focus on Fragile X syndrome and Down syndrome.Funding: The lab of MD is supported by the CRG Severo Ochoa excellence grant, the CIBER of Rare Diseases and Secretaria d’Universitats i Recerca del Departament d’Economia I Coneixement de la Generalitat de Catalunya (Grups consolidats 2017 SGR 926). We also acknowledge the support of the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (PID2019-110755RB-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033), H2020 SC1 Gene overdosage and comorbidities during the early lifetime in Down Syndrome GO-DS21- 848077, Jerôme Lejeune Foundation, NIH (Grant Number: 1R01EB 028159-01), Marató TV3, JPND Heroes project, and the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN) to the EMBL partnership, the Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa, and the CERCA Programme/Generalitat de CatalunyaMDPI202120212020info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10230/46837http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21239039reponame:Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunyainstname:Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)InglésInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020 Nov 27;21(23):9039info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/848077© 2020 by Álvaro Fernández-Blanco and Mara Dierssen. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:recercat.cat:10230/468372026-05-29T05:05:01Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Rethinking intellectual disability from neuro- to astro-pathology
title Rethinking intellectual disability from neuro- to astro-pathology
spellingShingle Rethinking intellectual disability from neuro- to astro-pathology
Fernández-Blanco, Álvaro
Deficiència mental
Down, Síndrome de
title_short Rethinking intellectual disability from neuro- to astro-pathology
title_full Rethinking intellectual disability from neuro- to astro-pathology
title_fullStr Rethinking intellectual disability from neuro- to astro-pathology
title_full_unstemmed Rethinking intellectual disability from neuro- to astro-pathology
title_sort Rethinking intellectual disability from neuro- to astro-pathology
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Fernández-Blanco, Álvaro
Dierssen, Mara
author Fernández-Blanco, Álvaro
author_facet Fernández-Blanco, Álvaro
Dierssen, Mara
author_role author
author2 Dierssen, Mara
author2_role author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Deficiència mental
Down, Síndrome de
topic Deficiència mental
Down, Síndrome de
description Neurodevelopmental disorders arise from genetic and/or from environmental factors and are characterized by different degrees of intellectual disability. The mechanisms that govern important processes sustaining learning and memory, which are severely affected in intellectual disability, have classically been thought to be exclusively under neuronal control. However, this vision has recently evolved into a more integrative conception in which astroglia, rather than just acting as metabolic supply and structural anchoring for neurons, interact at distinct levels modulating neuronal communication and possibly also cognitive processes. Recently, genetic tools have made it possible to specifically manipulate astrocyte activity unraveling novel functions that involve astrocytes in memory function in the healthy brain. However, astrocyte manipulation has also underscored potential mechanisms by which dysfunctional astrocytes could contribute to memory deficits in several neurodevelopmental disorders revealing new pathogenic mechanisms in intellectual disability. Here, we review the current knowledge about astrocyte dysfunction that might contribute to learning and memory impairment in neurodevelopmental disorders, with special focus on Fragile X syndrome and Down syndrome.
publishDate 2020
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2020
2021
2021
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dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10230/46837
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21239039
url http://hdl.handle.net/10230/46837
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21239039
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020 Nov 27;21(23):9039
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/848077
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instname:Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)
instname_str Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)
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