Effect of CO2 activation on ordered mesoporous carbons obtained from tannin biomass for cathode support on stable lithium-sulfur batteries
Ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC) from tannin biomass was synthesized via mechanochemistry, CO₂ activated, and incorporated with sulfur for Li-S cathodes. The impact of activation on carbon characteristics, sulfur incorporation, and Li-S cell performance was assessed. OMC and activated OMC (OMCA), alo...
| Autores: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Tipo de recurso: | artículo |
| Estado: | Versión aceptada para publicación |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2025 |
| País: | España |
| Institución: | Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) |
| Repositorio: | DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:dnet:digitalcsic_::789678b619b51649d979dff2d7f51d08 |
| Acceso en línea: | http://hdl.handle.net/10261/432240 https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/105008284030 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palabra clave: | Tannin biomass Activated ordered mesoporous carbon Lithium-sulfur batteries Ordered mesoporous carbon Sulfur incorporation Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation |
| Sumario: | Ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC) from tannin biomass was synthesized via mechanochemistry, CO₂ activated, and incorporated with sulfur for Li-S cathodes. The impact of activation on carbon characteristics, sulfur incorporation, and Li-S cell performance was assessed. OMC and activated OMC (OMCA), along with their sulfur composites (OMCS and OMCAS), were fully characterized. Activation transformed the uniform mesopores of OMC into a complex microporous network in OMCA. This process increased pore volume (0.45 → 0.92 cm³ g⁻¹) and surface area (539 → 1370 m² g⁻¹), optimizing the material for Li-S batteries. As expected, sulfur loading reduced pore volume and surface area in OMCS and OMCAS. TG analysis revealed that OMCAS retained sulfur more effectively, with a single mass loss event compared to two in OMCS. Raman and X-ray analyses confirmed structural changes, while XPS identified S₈ in mesopores and S<inf>2–4</inf> in micropores, with OMCAS providing superior sulfur stabilization. The initial capacity for the Li-S cell prepared with OMCAS is about 26 % higher than the one constructed with the OMCS (787 and 625 mAh g<inf>S</inf><sup>⁻¹</sup> at 0.1 C for OMCAS and OMCS, respectively). The enhanced performance of OMCAS is attributed to improved sulfur-carbon interaction and increased active sites. Both materials demonstrated excellent high-current performance due to mesopores facilitating electrolyte absorption and Li⁺ diffusion. The cell developed with the best material (OMCAS) demonstrated a good cycling stability after 250 charge/discharge cycles (at 0.2 C) with a Coulombic Efficiency of around 99 %. The decrease in specific capacity occurred mainly up to 110 cycles, stabilizing around 425 g<inf>S</inf><sup>−1</sup> in the subsequent cycles. The average capacity loss was 0.72 g<inf>S</inf><sup>−1</sup> per cycle, indicating that OMCAS has a good polysulfide retention capacity in its porous structure. |
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