A holistic assessment of the sources, prevalence, and distribution of bisphenol A and analogues in water, sediments, biota and plastic litter of the Ebro Delta (Spain)

Gil-Solsona, Rubén; Castaño-Ortiz, J. M.; Muñoz-Mas, R.; Insa, S.; Farré, Marinella; Ospina-Alvarez, N.; Santos, Lúcia H. M. L. M.; García-Pimentel, M.; Barceló, Damià; Rodríguez-Mozaz, Sara

A holistic assessment of the sources, prevalence, and distribution of bisphenol A and analogues in water, sediments, biota and plastic litter of the Ebro Delta (Spain)

Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the main ubiquitous compounds released from plastics in the environment. This compound, considered an endocrine disruptor, poses a risk to aquatic wildlife and human population, being included in multiple environmental monitoring programmes. Following the regulations rest...

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Autores:	Gil-Solsona, Rubén, Castaño-Ortiz, J. M., Muñoz-Mas, R., Insa, S., Farré, Marinella, Ospina-Alvarez, N., Santos, Lúcia H. M. L. M., García-Pimentel, M., Barceló, Damià, Rodríguez-Mozaz, Sara
Tipo de recurso:	artículo
Estado:	Versión aceptada para publicación
Fecha de publicación:	2022
País:	España
Institución:	Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:	DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:	oai:digital.csic.es:10261/282732
Acceso en línea:	http://hdl.handle.net/10261/282732 https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85140659010
Access Level:	acceso abierto
Palabra clave:	Pollution sources Bioaccumulation Biofilm Bisphenols HPLC-MS/MS Plastic litter

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spelling	A holistic assessment of the sources, prevalence, and distribution of bisphenol A and analogues in water, sediments, biota and plastic litter of the Ebro Delta (Spain)Gil-Solsona, RubénCastaño-Ortiz, J. M.Muñoz-Mas, R.Insa, S.Farré, MarinellaOspina-Alvarez, N.Santos, Lúcia H. M. L. M.García-Pimentel, M.Barceló, DamiàRodríguez-Mozaz, SaraPollution sourcesBioaccumulationBiofilmBisphenolsHPLC-MS/MSPlastic litterBisphenol A (BPA) is one of the main ubiquitous compounds released from plastics in the environment. This compound, considered an endocrine disruptor, poses a risk to aquatic wildlife and human population, being included in multiple environmental monitoring programmes. Following the regulations restricting BPA use in the last years, BPA-like chemicals have been produced and used as BPA substitutes. However, they are not commonly included in monitoring programs yet and their presence is thus misrepresented, despite showing similar endocrine disrupting potential. In this work, an analytical method for analysing bisphenol A and five of its analogues (Bisphenol S, B, F, AF and Tetrabromobisphenol A) is described, validated for water (riverine, sea and wastewater), sediment, and biota (fish and biofilm) and applied to monitor their presence in the Ebro River Delta (NE Spain). In addition, plastic litter was also collected to evaluate their role as potential source of bisphenols. All compounds except BPF were detected in the analysed samples. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) were discarded as major sources of BPs into the natural aquatic environment, as no BPs were detected in treated effluents. Indeed, the high levels of BPs in the natural environment could be related with direct discharge of raw wastewater from small rural population nucleus. The analysis of riverine plastic leachates yielded 4 out of the 6 BPs analysed, strengthening the hypothesis that plastic debris are also a source of BPs in the natural environment. Whereas Bisphenol S and BPA were detected in water and, to a limited extent, in biota, less polar analogues (mainly BPAF and TBBPA) were not found in any of the water samples. Instead, these hydrophobic BPs were found in fish tissues and biofilm, pointing out plastics and microplastics as their possible vectors. Finally, biofilm demonstrated its potential as sentinel of chemical contamination in freshwater environment.Authors acknowledge Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (project PLAS-MED; CTM2017-89701-C3-2-R) for its financial support. Authors acknowledge Maria Guzman for her support in the sample analysis and method development. J.M. Castaño-Ortiz acknowledges the predoctoral grant from the Agency for Management of University and Research Grants (AGAUR) (2019 FI_B 00881). R. Muñoz-Mas benefitted from a postdoctoral Juan de la Cierva fellowship from the Spanish Ministry of Science (FJCI-2016-30829).Peer reviewedElsevier0000-0002-4269-10360000-0001-8916-99340000-0002-8873-0491Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]202220222022info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Postprintinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/282732https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85140659010reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)InglésEnvironmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120310Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/2827322026-05-22T06:33:51Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv	A holistic assessment of the sources, prevalence, and distribution of bisphenol A and analogues in water, sediments, biota and plastic litter of the Ebro Delta (Spain)
title	A holistic assessment of the sources, prevalence, and distribution of bisphenol A and analogues in water, sediments, biota and plastic litter of the Ebro Delta (Spain)
spellingShingle	A holistic assessment of the sources, prevalence, and distribution of bisphenol A and analogues in water, sediments, biota and plastic litter of the Ebro Delta (Spain) Gil-Solsona, Rubén Pollution sources Bioaccumulation Biofilm Bisphenols HPLC-MS/MS Plastic litter
title_short	A holistic assessment of the sources, prevalence, and distribution of bisphenol A and analogues in water, sediments, biota and plastic litter of the Ebro Delta (Spain)
title_full	A holistic assessment of the sources, prevalence, and distribution of bisphenol A and analogues in water, sediments, biota and plastic litter of the Ebro Delta (Spain)
title_fullStr	A holistic assessment of the sources, prevalence, and distribution of bisphenol A and analogues in water, sediments, biota and plastic litter of the Ebro Delta (Spain)
title_full_unstemmed	A holistic assessment of the sources, prevalence, and distribution of bisphenol A and analogues in water, sediments, biota and plastic litter of the Ebro Delta (Spain)
title_sort	A holistic assessment of the sources, prevalence, and distribution of bisphenol A and analogues in water, sediments, biota and plastic litter of the Ebro Delta (Spain)
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv	Gil-Solsona, Rubén Castaño-Ortiz, J. M. Muñoz-Mas, R. Insa, S. Farré, Marinella Ospina-Alvarez, N. Santos, Lúcia H. M. L. M. García-Pimentel, M. Barceló, Damià Rodríguez-Mozaz, Sara
author	Gil-Solsona, Rubén
author_facet	Gil-Solsona, Rubén Castaño-Ortiz, J. M. Muñoz-Mas, R. Insa, S. Farré, Marinella Ospina-Alvarez, N. Santos, Lúcia H. M. L. M. García-Pimentel, M. Barceló, Damià Rodríguez-Mozaz, Sara
author_role	author
author2	Castaño-Ortiz, J. M. Muñoz-Mas, R. Insa, S. Farré, Marinella Ospina-Alvarez, N. Santos, Lúcia H. M. L. M. García-Pimentel, M. Barceló, Damià Rodríguez-Mozaz, Sara
author2_role	author author author author author author author author author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv	0000-0002-4269-1036 0000-0001-8916-9934 0000-0002-8873-0491 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv	Pollution sources Bioaccumulation Biofilm Bisphenols HPLC-MS/MS Plastic litter
topic	Pollution sources Bioaccumulation Biofilm Bisphenols HPLC-MS/MS Plastic litter
description	Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the main ubiquitous compounds released from plastics in the environment. This compound, considered an endocrine disruptor, poses a risk to aquatic wildlife and human population, being included in multiple environmental monitoring programmes. Following the regulations restricting BPA use in the last years, BPA-like chemicals have been produced and used as BPA substitutes. However, they are not commonly included in monitoring programs yet and their presence is thus misrepresented, despite showing similar endocrine disrupting potential. In this work, an analytical method for analysing bisphenol A and five of its analogues (Bisphenol S, B, F, AF and Tetrabromobisphenol A) is described, validated for water (riverine, sea and wastewater), sediment, and biota (fish and biofilm) and applied to monitor their presence in the Ebro River Delta (NE Spain). In addition, plastic litter was also collected to evaluate their role as potential source of bisphenols. All compounds except BPF were detected in the analysed samples. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) were discarded as major sources of BPs into the natural aquatic environment, as no BPs were detected in treated effluents. Indeed, the high levels of BPs in the natural environment could be related with direct discharge of raw wastewater from small rural population nucleus. The analysis of riverine plastic leachates yielded 4 out of the 6 BPs analysed, strengthening the hypothesis that plastic debris are also a source of BPs in the natural environment. Whereas Bisphenol S and BPA were detected in water and, to a limited extent, in biota, less polar analogues (mainly BPAF and TBBPA) were not found in any of the water samples. Instead, these hydrophobic BPs were found in fish tissues and biofilm, pointing out plastics and microplastics as their possible vectors. Finally, biofilm demonstrated its potential as sentinel of chemical contamination in freshwater environment.
publishDate	2022
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv	2022 2022 2022
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv	info:eu-repo/semantics/article http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 Postprint info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
format	article
status_str	acceptedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv	http://hdl.handle.net/10261/282732 https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85140659010
url	http://hdl.handle.net/10261/282732 https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85140659010
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv	Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv	Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv	Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120310 Sí
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv	openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv	Elsevier
publisher.none.fl_str_mv	Elsevier
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv	reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str	Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str	DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
collection	DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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A holistic assessment of the sources, prevalence, and distribution of bisphenol A and analogues in water, sediments, biota and plastic litter of the Ebro Delta (Spain)

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