Breeding potential of Spanish bread wheat landraces: genetic variability in vernalization and photoperiod sensitivity

Flowering time and grain filling, regulated by temperature-responsive (vernalization) and day length (photoperiod) genes, are critical factors in wheat production. In this study, we analyzed genetic variation at the VRN-A1, VRN-B1, PPD-A1, PPD-B1, PPD-D1, EPS-A1, EPS-D1, and WAPO-A1 loci in 188 Span...

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Autores: Giménez, Estela, Pascual, Laura, López-Fernández, Matilde, Vázquez-García, José G., García-Mondejar, Marta, Ruiz, Magdalena, Giraldo, Patricia
Formato: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Recursos:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/404623
Acesso em linha:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/404623
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palavra-chave:Triticum aestivum
Vernalization
Photoperiod
Wheat landraces
Growth habit
Phenology
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spelling Breeding potential of Spanish bread wheat landraces: genetic variability in vernalization and photoperiod sensitivityGiménez, EstelaPascual, LauraLópez-Fernández, MatildeVázquez-García, José G.García-Mondejar, MartaRuiz, MagdalenaGiraldo, PatriciaTriticum aestivumVernalizationPhotoperiodWheat landracesGrowth habitPhenologyFlowering time and grain filling, regulated by temperature-responsive (vernalization) and day length (photoperiod) genes, are critical factors in wheat production. In this study, we analyzed genetic variation at the VRN-A1, VRN-B1, PPD-A1, PPD-B1, PPD-D1, EPS-A1, EPS-D1, and WAPO-A1 loci in 188 Spanish wheat landraces and compared them to 28 modern cultivars. Growth habit and phenological traits (days to heading and maturity) were assessed in field trials, and the impact of genetic variability on these traits was evaluated. Our results revealed distinct genetic diversity patterns between landraces and modern cultivars and confirmed that the absence of spring alleles at VRN1 loci was necessary for a winter growth habit. Dominant alleles from VRN1 gene (Vrn-A1a, Vrn-A1b, Vrn-B1a) and photoperiod-insensitive alleles from PPD1 gene (Ppd-B1a, Ppd-D1a) consistently promoted early heading and flowering, despite genotype-by-environment (G×E) interactions. Interestingly, Ppd-D1b allele, although classified as photoperiod-insensitive exhibited, delayed flowering likely due to its molecular variation. While allelic variation at EPS1 locus had no significant impact on phenology, results suggested a potential role for WAPO1 in flowering regulation. Our findings highlight the genetic diversity within Spanish wheat landraces, offering valuable genetic resources for optimizing flowering time and improving wheat adaptation to complex agro-climatic conditions.The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research and/or publication of this article. This research was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (Grants PID2019-109089RB-C32 and PID2023-149520OB-C21 from MCIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/FEDER, UE). M. López-Fernández was recipient of a predoctoral fellowship from the Programa Propio of the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. J.G. Vázquez-García was beneficiary of a post-doctoral contract from the Programa Juan de la Cierva – Formación (JDC2022-049368-I) by Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities.Peer reviewedFrontiers MediaAgencia Estatal de Investigación (España)Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)Universidad Politécnica de MadridPascual, Laura [0000-0002-2573-9317]Ruiz, Magdalena [0000-0003-3901-703X]Giraldo, Patricia [0000-0003-4369-1078]Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]202520252025info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/404623reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Inglés#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/PID2019-109089RB-C32info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023/PID2023-149520OB-C21The underlying dataset has been published as supplementary material of the article in the publisher platform at DOI https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2025.1593667https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2025.1593667Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/4046232026-05-22T06:33:51Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Breeding potential of Spanish bread wheat landraces: genetic variability in vernalization and photoperiod sensitivity
title Breeding potential of Spanish bread wheat landraces: genetic variability in vernalization and photoperiod sensitivity
spellingShingle Breeding potential of Spanish bread wheat landraces: genetic variability in vernalization and photoperiod sensitivity
Giménez, Estela
Triticum aestivum
Vernalization
Photoperiod
Wheat landraces
Growth habit
Phenology
title_short Breeding potential of Spanish bread wheat landraces: genetic variability in vernalization and photoperiod sensitivity
title_full Breeding potential of Spanish bread wheat landraces: genetic variability in vernalization and photoperiod sensitivity
title_fullStr Breeding potential of Spanish bread wheat landraces: genetic variability in vernalization and photoperiod sensitivity
title_full_unstemmed Breeding potential of Spanish bread wheat landraces: genetic variability in vernalization and photoperiod sensitivity
title_sort Breeding potential of Spanish bread wheat landraces: genetic variability in vernalization and photoperiod sensitivity
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Giménez, Estela
Pascual, Laura
López-Fernández, Matilde
Vázquez-García, José G.
García-Mondejar, Marta
Ruiz, Magdalena
Giraldo, Patricia
author Giménez, Estela
author_facet Giménez, Estela
Pascual, Laura
López-Fernández, Matilde
Vázquez-García, José G.
García-Mondejar, Marta
Ruiz, Magdalena
Giraldo, Patricia
author_role author
author2 Pascual, Laura
López-Fernández, Matilde
Vázquez-García, José G.
García-Mondejar, Marta
Ruiz, Magdalena
Giraldo, Patricia
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España)
Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)
Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
Pascual, Laura [0000-0002-2573-9317]
Ruiz, Magdalena [0000-0003-3901-703X]
Giraldo, Patricia [0000-0003-4369-1078]
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Triticum aestivum
Vernalization
Photoperiod
Wheat landraces
Growth habit
Phenology
topic Triticum aestivum
Vernalization
Photoperiod
Wheat landraces
Growth habit
Phenology
description Flowering time and grain filling, regulated by temperature-responsive (vernalization) and day length (photoperiod) genes, are critical factors in wheat production. In this study, we analyzed genetic variation at the VRN-A1, VRN-B1, PPD-A1, PPD-B1, PPD-D1, EPS-A1, EPS-D1, and WAPO-A1 loci in 188 Spanish wheat landraces and compared them to 28 modern cultivars. Growth habit and phenological traits (days to heading and maturity) were assessed in field trials, and the impact of genetic variability on these traits was evaluated. Our results revealed distinct genetic diversity patterns between landraces and modern cultivars and confirmed that the absence of spring alleles at VRN1 loci was necessary for a winter growth habit. Dominant alleles from VRN1 gene (Vrn-A1a, Vrn-A1b, Vrn-B1a) and photoperiod-insensitive alleles from PPD1 gene (Ppd-B1a, Ppd-D1a) consistently promoted early heading and flowering, despite genotype-by-environment (G×E) interactions. Interestingly, Ppd-D1b allele, although classified as photoperiod-insensitive exhibited, delayed flowering likely due to its molecular variation. While allelic variation at EPS1 locus had no significant impact on phenology, results suggested a potential role for WAPO1 in flowering regulation. Our findings highlight the genetic diversity within Spanish wheat landraces, offering valuable genetic resources for optimizing flowering time and improving wheat adaptation to complex agro-climatic conditions.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025
2025
2025
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
Publisher's version
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/404623
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/404623
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv #PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/PID2019-109089RB-C32
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023/PID2023-149520OB-C21
The underlying dataset has been published as supplementary material of the article in the publisher platform at DOI https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2025.1593667
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2025.1593667
Sí
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Frontiers Media
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Frontiers Media
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
collection DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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