Women's and men's status: revisiting the relationship between gender equality and intimate partner violence against women in Europe

The first European Union Survey on Violence against Women (EU-VAW) released in 2014 revealed the unexpected result indicating that the world’s most egalitarian countries have relatively high rates of Intimate Partner Violence Against Women (IPVAW). This phenomenon, referred to as the “Nordic Paradox...

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Authors: Gómez Casillas, Amalia, Damme, Maike van, Permanyer, Iñaki
Format: article
Status:Versión aceptada para publicación
Publication Date:2023
Country:España
Institution:Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)
Repository:Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya
OAI Identifier:oai:recercat.cat:10230/59826
Online Access:http://hdl.handle.net/10230/59826
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08862605231158760
Access Level:Open access
Keyword:domestic violence
battered women
violent offenders
assessment
cultural contexts
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spelling Women's and men's status: revisiting the relationship between gender equality and intimate partner violence against women in EuropeGómez Casillas, AmaliaDamme, Maike vanPermanyer, Iñakidomestic violencebattered womenviolent offendersassessmentcultural contextsThe first European Union Survey on Violence against Women (EU-VAW) released in 2014 revealed the unexpected result indicating that the world’s most egalitarian countries have relatively high rates of Intimate Partner Violence Against Women (IPVAW). This phenomenon, referred to as the “Nordic Paradox,” revived a heated, intermittently ongoing discussion dating back four decades where several competing hypotheses about the relationship between gender inequality and IPVAW have been proposed, but no consensus has been reached. The main aim of this paper is to revisit the most important of such hypotheses proposed in the last four decades, while proposing a new one that could potentially throw some light on understanding the “Nordic Paradox.” Multilevel linear regression models are estimated using data from the EU-VAW survey conducted in 2012, and an alternative operationalization of the Gender Equality Index (GEI) (our measure of gender equality). We did not find any significant effect of gender equality on IPVAW repetition. However, we found that higher country-level status of women and men go together with less IPVAW, with a larger effect of women’s status in economic domains compared to the impact of men’s economic status, and a larger effect of men’s overall status. These findings support the Marxist feminist hypothesis, stating that women’s absolute status in the economic and labor domain is critical in lessening IPVAW, as women’s real and potential access to resources is key for leaving a violent relationship. At the same time, our results support the “male privilege protection” hypothesis, which states that gains in women’s status in certain domains—such as in the economic sphere considering our results for the European Union—would not suppose a threat to men, allowing ameliorative effects. In contrast, if the overall status of men is threatened, backlash effects would be triggered.Iñaki Permanyer acknowledges financial support from the European Research Council (Grant No. 864616).SAGE Publications202420242023info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10230/59826http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08862605231158760reponame:Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunyainstname:Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)InglésJournal of Interpersonal Violence. 2023;38(15-16):8755-84.https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/suppl/10.1177/08862605231158760/suppl_file/sj-pdf-1-jiv-10.1177_08862605231158760.pdfinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/864616Gómez-Casillas A, van Damme M, Permanyer I. Women's and men's status: revisiting the relationship between gender equality and intimate partner violence against women in Europe. J Interpers Violence. 2023;38(15-16):8755-84. Copyright © The Author(s) 2023. DOI: 10.1177/08862605231158760info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:recercat.cat:10230/598262026-05-29T05:05:01Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Women's and men's status: revisiting the relationship between gender equality and intimate partner violence against women in Europe
title Women's and men's status: revisiting the relationship between gender equality and intimate partner violence against women in Europe
spellingShingle Women's and men's status: revisiting the relationship between gender equality and intimate partner violence against women in Europe
Gómez Casillas, Amalia
domestic violence
battered women
violent offenders
assessment
cultural contexts
title_short Women's and men's status: revisiting the relationship between gender equality and intimate partner violence against women in Europe
title_full Women's and men's status: revisiting the relationship between gender equality and intimate partner violence against women in Europe
title_fullStr Women's and men's status: revisiting the relationship between gender equality and intimate partner violence against women in Europe
title_full_unstemmed Women's and men's status: revisiting the relationship between gender equality and intimate partner violence against women in Europe
title_sort Women's and men's status: revisiting the relationship between gender equality and intimate partner violence against women in Europe
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Gómez Casillas, Amalia
Damme, Maike van
Permanyer, Iñaki
author Gómez Casillas, Amalia
author_facet Gómez Casillas, Amalia
Damme, Maike van
Permanyer, Iñaki
author_role author
author2 Damme, Maike van
Permanyer, Iñaki
author2_role author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv domestic violence
battered women
violent offenders
assessment
cultural contexts
topic domestic violence
battered women
violent offenders
assessment
cultural contexts
description The first European Union Survey on Violence against Women (EU-VAW) released in 2014 revealed the unexpected result indicating that the world’s most egalitarian countries have relatively high rates of Intimate Partner Violence Against Women (IPVAW). This phenomenon, referred to as the “Nordic Paradox,” revived a heated, intermittently ongoing discussion dating back four decades where several competing hypotheses about the relationship between gender inequality and IPVAW have been proposed, but no consensus has been reached. The main aim of this paper is to revisit the most important of such hypotheses proposed in the last four decades, while proposing a new one that could potentially throw some light on understanding the “Nordic Paradox.” Multilevel linear regression models are estimated using data from the EU-VAW survey conducted in 2012, and an alternative operationalization of the Gender Equality Index (GEI) (our measure of gender equality). We did not find any significant effect of gender equality on IPVAW repetition. However, we found that higher country-level status of women and men go together with less IPVAW, with a larger effect of women’s status in economic domains compared to the impact of men’s economic status, and a larger effect of men’s overall status. These findings support the Marxist feminist hypothesis, stating that women’s absolute status in the economic and labor domain is critical in lessening IPVAW, as women’s real and potential access to resources is key for leaving a violent relationship. At the same time, our results support the “male privilege protection” hypothesis, which states that gains in women’s status in certain domains—such as in the economic sphere considering our results for the European Union—would not suppose a threat to men, allowing ameliorative effects. In contrast, if the overall status of men is threatened, backlash effects would be triggered.
publishDate 2023
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2023
2024
2024
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
format article
status_str acceptedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10230/59826
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08862605231158760
url http://hdl.handle.net/10230/59826
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08862605231158760
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv Journal of Interpersonal Violence. 2023;38(15-16):8755-84.
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/suppl/10.1177/08862605231158760/suppl_file/sj-pdf-1-jiv-10.1177_08862605231158760.pdf
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/864616
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv SAGE Publications
publisher.none.fl_str_mv SAGE Publications
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya
instname:Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)
instname_str Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)
reponame_str Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya
collection Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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