Improvements of a multi-agent secondary controller for reconnecting a microgrid to the main grid
Microgrids (MGs) can work either connected to or disconnected from the main grid, and seamless transition between modes is essential for reliable operation. Even though centralised secondary controllers are the obvious choice to resynchronise MGs with the main grid, and to control their power exchan...
| Autores: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Tipo de documento: | artigo |
| Data de publicação: | 2026 |
| País: | España |
| Recursos: | Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya) |
| Repositório: | Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya |
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| Acesso em linha: | https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14342/6203 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2026.111797 |
| Access Level: | Acceso aberto |
| Palavra-chave: | Microgrids (Smart power grids) Microxarxes (Xarxes elèctriques intel·ligents) Synchronisation Sincronització Multiagent systems Sistemes multiagent 004 621.3 |
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Improvements of a multi-agent secondary controller for reconnecting a microgrid to the main gridTomás Martín, AndrésRoldan-Perez, JavierJankovic, NjegosYagüe Yagüe, Sauro JoséSigrist, LukasMicrogrids (Smart power grids)Microxarxes (Xarxes elèctriques intel·ligents)SynchronisationSincronitzacióMultiagent systemsSistemes multiagent004621.3Microgrids (MGs) can work either connected to or disconnected from the main grid, and seamless transition between modes is essential for reliable operation. Even though centralised secondary controllers are the obvious choice to resynchronise MGs with the main grid, and to control their power exchange, decentralised multi-agent secondary controllers have been proposed recently because they simplify the communication system required. However, aspects such as communication delays and implementation details have not received enough attention. This paper describes an improved decentralised multi-agent secondary controller based on consensus to resynchronise a MG with the main grid and control the power exchange afterwards. The effects of communication delays between agents and the potentially dangerous active power transients required to synchronise the MG were studied by small signal stability analysis and numerical simulations. The paper shows that both problems can be addressed with a systematic design of the decentralised secondary controller combined with derivative droop primary controllers. Results were validated in a real MG consisting of four 15 kVA power converters, electrical lines and loads, a 75 kVA grid emulator, and an industrial communication infrastructure. The proposed algorithm has been validated in a large system consisting of 69 buses, which includes seven grid-forming converters and primarily resistive lines. Additionally, the algorithm has been tested in scenarios with limited available energy from the converters and taking into account the control of the voltage amplitude difference between the microgrid and the main grid.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionElsevierUniversitat Ramon Llull. IQS2026info:eu-repo/semantics/articlep.12https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14342/6203https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2026.111797reponame:Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunyainstname:Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)InglésInternational Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 2026, 177, 111797info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MCI/PN I+D/TED2021-130610B-C22© L'autor/aAttribution-NonCommercial 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:dnet:recercat____::5e08efcb2ca7754b69e450504d8cc4472026-05-29T05:05:01Z |
| dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Improvements of a multi-agent secondary controller for reconnecting a microgrid to the main grid |
| title |
Improvements of a multi-agent secondary controller for reconnecting a microgrid to the main grid |
| spellingShingle |
Improvements of a multi-agent secondary controller for reconnecting a microgrid to the main grid Tomás Martín, Andrés Microgrids (Smart power grids) Microxarxes (Xarxes elèctriques intel·ligents) Synchronisation Sincronització Multiagent systems Sistemes multiagent 004 621.3 |
| title_short |
Improvements of a multi-agent secondary controller for reconnecting a microgrid to the main grid |
| title_full |
Improvements of a multi-agent secondary controller for reconnecting a microgrid to the main grid |
| title_fullStr |
Improvements of a multi-agent secondary controller for reconnecting a microgrid to the main grid |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Improvements of a multi-agent secondary controller for reconnecting a microgrid to the main grid |
| title_sort |
Improvements of a multi-agent secondary controller for reconnecting a microgrid to the main grid |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv |
Tomás Martín, Andrés Roldan-Perez, Javier Jankovic, Njegos Yagüe Yagüe, Sauro José Sigrist, Lukas |
| author |
Tomás Martín, Andrés |
| author_facet |
Tomás Martín, Andrés Roldan-Perez, Javier Jankovic, Njegos Yagüe Yagüe, Sauro José Sigrist, Lukas |
| author_role |
author |
| author2 |
Roldan-Perez, Javier Jankovic, Njegos Yagüe Yagüe, Sauro José Sigrist, Lukas |
| author2_role |
author author author author |
| dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Universitat Ramon Llull. IQS |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv |
Microgrids (Smart power grids) Microxarxes (Xarxes elèctriques intel·ligents) Synchronisation Sincronització Multiagent systems Sistemes multiagent 004 621.3 |
| topic |
Microgrids (Smart power grids) Microxarxes (Xarxes elèctriques intel·ligents) Synchronisation Sincronització Multiagent systems Sistemes multiagent 004 621.3 |
| description |
Microgrids (MGs) can work either connected to or disconnected from the main grid, and seamless transition between modes is essential for reliable operation. Even though centralised secondary controllers are the obvious choice to resynchronise MGs with the main grid, and to control their power exchange, decentralised multi-agent secondary controllers have been proposed recently because they simplify the communication system required. However, aspects such as communication delays and implementation details have not received enough attention. This paper describes an improved decentralised multi-agent secondary controller based on consensus to resynchronise a MG with the main grid and control the power exchange afterwards. The effects of communication delays between agents and the potentially dangerous active power transients required to synchronise the MG were studied by small signal stability analysis and numerical simulations. The paper shows that both problems can be addressed with a systematic design of the decentralised secondary controller combined with derivative droop primary controllers. Results were validated in a real MG consisting of four 15 kVA power converters, electrical lines and loads, a 75 kVA grid emulator, and an industrial communication infrastructure. The proposed algorithm has been validated in a large system consisting of 69 buses, which includes seven grid-forming converters and primarily resistive lines. Additionally, the algorithm has been tested in scenarios with limited available energy from the converters and taking into account the control of the voltage amplitude difference between the microgrid and the main grid. |
| publishDate |
2026 |
| dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2026 |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
| format |
article |
| dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv |
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14342/6203 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2026.111797 |
| url |
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14342/6203 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2026.111797 |
| dc.language.none.fl_str_mv |
Inglés |
| language_invalid_str_mv |
Inglés |
| dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 2026, 177, 111797 info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MCI/PN I+D/TED2021-130610B-C22 |
| dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv |
© L'autor/a Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| rights_invalid_str_mv |
© L'autor/a Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ |
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openAccess |
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p.12 |
| dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Elsevier |
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Elsevier |
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reponame:Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya instname:Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya) |
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Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya) |
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Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya |
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Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya |
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