The influence of the initial moisture content on densification process of D. asper bamboo: Physical-chemical and bending characterization

Densification process aims to improve the physical and mechanical properties of wood and bamboo products. However, its processing parameters were not yet thoroughly investigated for bamboo. In this study, Dendrocalamus asper bamboo was densified in its radial direction in an open thermal press with...

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Autores: Kadivar, Marzieh, Gauss, Christian, Mármol, Gonzalo, Fioroni, Carlos, Ghavami, Khosrow, de-Sá, Adriana Dominique, Savastano Jr., Holmer
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión aceptada para publicación
Fecha de publicación:2019
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/413647
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/413647
https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85072281899
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Bamboo
Microstructural analysis
Thermo-mechanical modification
Three-point bending test
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spelling The influence of the initial moisture content on densification process of D. asper bamboo: Physical-chemical and bending characterizationKadivar, MarziehGauss, ChristianMármol, GonzaloFioroni, CarlosGhavami, Khosrowde-Sá, Adriana DominiqueSavastano Jr., HolmerBambooMicrostructural analysisThermo-mechanical modificationThree-point bending testDensification process aims to improve the physical and mechanical properties of wood and bamboo products. However, its processing parameters were not yet thoroughly investigated for bamboo. In this study, Dendrocalamus asper bamboo was densified in its radial direction in an open thermal press with different starting moisture content (MC), from 0 to 20%, to evaluate its effect on bending and physical-chemical properties. A maximum densification degree of 31.2% was achieved. Physical characterization and three-point bending tests showed that densification process increases density and all related bending properties (modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), the limit of proportionality (LOP), and specific energy (SE)) of bamboo, producing a more homogeneous material. The densified samples with 10% MC presented the best bending properties, with an average MOR, MOE and dynamic MOE of 318, 27,754 and 34,120 MPa respectively, with an increase of 56% for MOR and 41% for MOE in comparison with un-densified samples. SEM analysis of fractured samples showed an improvement of the fibers-parenchyma interface after thermo-mechanical modification, confirmed by the presence of unitary fiber failure. XRD analysis revealed that although densified bamboo had higher cellulose crystallinity compared to un-densified samples, the starting moisture content did not affect on the cellulose structure. FTIR showed that there are no significant changes in the chemical composition in all the analyzed conditions. However, the samples with moisture content below 5% presented cracks during the thermal-mechanical process, which resulted in higher thickness swelling and water absorption. Additionally, when samples with 20% MC are densified, an excess of water entrapped in the middle of the samples causes heterogeneous densification. The control of the initial moisture content of bamboo is a strategic parameter to improve the efficiency of the densification process. An initial moisture content around 10% is recommended for bamboo, which can guarantee enough plasticization and at the same time homogeneous properties in the final product.MK is grateful to CAPES for financial support through a doctoral grant (Finance Code 001), and CG was supported by FAPESP doctoral grant No. 2016/26022-9.This study was completed in the Laboratory of Construction and Ambience (Constrambi) in the faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA) at the University of S?o Paulo (USP). Authors are grateful to Constrambi/USP lab and FZEA/USP staff for helping in the bamboo harvesting process and providing resources to undertake this study. MK is grateful to CAPES for financial support through a doctoral grant (Finance Code 001), and CG was supported by FAPESP doctoral grant No. 2016/26022-9.Peer reviewedElsevierFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São PauloCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil)Mármol, Gonzalo [0000-0003-1850-3178]Savastano Jr., Holmer [0000-0003-1827-1047]202620262019info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Postprintinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/413647https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85072281899reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)InglésConstruction and Building Materialshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.116896Noinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/4136472026-05-22T06:33:51Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv The influence of the initial moisture content on densification process of D. asper bamboo: Physical-chemical and bending characterization
title The influence of the initial moisture content on densification process of D. asper bamboo: Physical-chemical and bending characterization
spellingShingle The influence of the initial moisture content on densification process of D. asper bamboo: Physical-chemical and bending characterization
Kadivar, Marzieh
Bamboo
Microstructural analysis
Thermo-mechanical modification
Three-point bending test
title_short The influence of the initial moisture content on densification process of D. asper bamboo: Physical-chemical and bending characterization
title_full The influence of the initial moisture content on densification process of D. asper bamboo: Physical-chemical and bending characterization
title_fullStr The influence of the initial moisture content on densification process of D. asper bamboo: Physical-chemical and bending characterization
title_full_unstemmed The influence of the initial moisture content on densification process of D. asper bamboo: Physical-chemical and bending characterization
title_sort The influence of the initial moisture content on densification process of D. asper bamboo: Physical-chemical and bending characterization
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Kadivar, Marzieh
Gauss, Christian
Mármol, Gonzalo
Fioroni, Carlos
Ghavami, Khosrow
de-Sá, Adriana Dominique
Savastano Jr., Holmer
author Kadivar, Marzieh
author_facet Kadivar, Marzieh
Gauss, Christian
Mármol, Gonzalo
Fioroni, Carlos
Ghavami, Khosrow
de-Sá, Adriana Dominique
Savastano Jr., Holmer
author_role author
author2 Gauss, Christian
Mármol, Gonzalo
Fioroni, Carlos
Ghavami, Khosrow
de-Sá, Adriana Dominique
Savastano Jr., Holmer
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil)
Mármol, Gonzalo [0000-0003-1850-3178]
Savastano Jr., Holmer [0000-0003-1827-1047]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Bamboo
Microstructural analysis
Thermo-mechanical modification
Three-point bending test
topic Bamboo
Microstructural analysis
Thermo-mechanical modification
Three-point bending test
description Densification process aims to improve the physical and mechanical properties of wood and bamboo products. However, its processing parameters were not yet thoroughly investigated for bamboo. In this study, Dendrocalamus asper bamboo was densified in its radial direction in an open thermal press with different starting moisture content (MC), from 0 to 20%, to evaluate its effect on bending and physical-chemical properties. A maximum densification degree of 31.2% was achieved. Physical characterization and three-point bending tests showed that densification process increases density and all related bending properties (modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), the limit of proportionality (LOP), and specific energy (SE)) of bamboo, producing a more homogeneous material. The densified samples with 10% MC presented the best bending properties, with an average MOR, MOE and dynamic MOE of 318, 27,754 and 34,120 MPa respectively, with an increase of 56% for MOR and 41% for MOE in comparison with un-densified samples. SEM analysis of fractured samples showed an improvement of the fibers-parenchyma interface after thermo-mechanical modification, confirmed by the presence of unitary fiber failure. XRD analysis revealed that although densified bamboo had higher cellulose crystallinity compared to un-densified samples, the starting moisture content did not affect on the cellulose structure. FTIR showed that there are no significant changes in the chemical composition in all the analyzed conditions. However, the samples with moisture content below 5% presented cracks during the thermal-mechanical process, which resulted in higher thickness swelling and water absorption. Additionally, when samples with 20% MC are densified, an excess of water entrapped in the middle of the samples causes heterogeneous densification. The control of the initial moisture content of bamboo is a strategic parameter to improve the efficiency of the densification process. An initial moisture content around 10% is recommended for bamboo, which can guarantee enough plasticization and at the same time homogeneous properties in the final product.
publishDate 2019
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2019
2026
2026
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
Postprint
info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
format article
status_str acceptedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/413647
https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85072281899
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/413647
https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85072281899
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv Construction and Building Materials
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.116896
No
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
collection DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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