Exploring violence and vulnerability: Experiences of victimization among adults with intellectual disabilities
[eng] People with intellectual disabilities (ID) seem to be at an increased risk of experiencing interpersonal victimization, especially for the most violent types, such as physical and sexual aggression. However, figure disparities across studies contribute to an inconclusive portrayal of the pheno...
| Autor: | |
|---|---|
| Tipo de documento: | tese |
| Estado: | Versão publicada |
| Data de publicação: | 2024 |
| País: | España |
| Recursos: | Universidad de Barcelona |
| Repositório: | Dipòsit Digital de la UB |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:diposit.ub.edu:2445/212060 |
| Acesso em linha: | https://hdl.handle.net/2445/212060 http://hdl.handle.net/10803/691126 |
| Access Level: | Acceso aberto |
| Palavra-chave: | Salut mental Discapacitat intel·lectual Violència Maltractament Víctimes Mental health Mental deficiency Violence Abuse Victims |
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Exploring violence and vulnerability: Experiences of victimization among adults with intellectual disabilities |
| title |
Exploring violence and vulnerability: Experiences of victimization among adults with intellectual disabilities |
| spellingShingle |
Exploring violence and vulnerability: Experiences of victimization among adults with intellectual disabilities Codina Cobo, Marta Salut mental Discapacitat intel·lectual Violència Maltractament Víctimes Mental health Mental deficiency Violence Abuse Victims |
| title_short |
Exploring violence and vulnerability: Experiences of victimization among adults with intellectual disabilities |
| title_full |
Exploring violence and vulnerability: Experiences of victimization among adults with intellectual disabilities |
| title_fullStr |
Exploring violence and vulnerability: Experiences of victimization among adults with intellectual disabilities |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Exploring violence and vulnerability: Experiences of victimization among adults with intellectual disabilities |
| title_sort |
Exploring violence and vulnerability: Experiences of victimization among adults with intellectual disabilities |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv |
Codina Cobo, Marta |
| author |
Codina Cobo, Marta |
| author_facet |
Codina Cobo, Marta |
| author_role |
author |
| dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Pereda Beltran, Noemí Universitat de Barcelona. Departament de Psicologia Clínica i Psicobiologia |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv |
Salut mental Discapacitat intel·lectual Violència Maltractament Víctimes Mental health Mental deficiency Violence Abuse Victims |
| topic |
Salut mental Discapacitat intel·lectual Violència Maltractament Víctimes Mental health Mental deficiency Violence Abuse Victims |
| description |
[eng] People with intellectual disabilities (ID) seem to be at an increased risk of experiencing interpersonal victimization, especially for the most violent types, such as physical and sexual aggression. However, figure disparities across studies contribute to an inconclusive portrayal of the phenomenon. Still, they are often considered a vulnerable group towards victimization simply because of their disability, without considering other risk factors that may have a significant impact on the course of victimization. This dissertation aims to contribute to the knowledge and understanding of vulnerability and victimization among people with ID. It consists of three empirical studies analyzing the self-reported experiences of victimization in a sample of adults with ID and a narrative review analyzing different layers and intersecting vulnerabilities to victimization and offending. The study sample for the empirical studies consisted of 260 participants (154 men and 106 women) with ages ranging from 20–71 (M = 41.69, SD = 12.05) and a diagnostic of ID. Study 1 explores the rates of different forms of lifetime victimization and polyvictimization using the JVQ questionnaire and introduces a gender and age-related approach. The results showed high rates of lifetime victimization, with nearly all participants reporting some victimization experience (96.9%). Conventional crimes, including some forms of property crime, was the most frequent type of victimization among this sample (87.7%). High rates of physical and sexual violence were also reported. If the mean number of different victimization types experienced for the whole sample was six, poly-victims experienced more than double victimizations (13 or more incidents). Overall, women and early adults tended to experience higher rates of victimization in comparison with men and older adults. Study 2 examines the rates and characteristics of sexual victimization experiences among the sample. The results showed that 35% of the participants had been sexually victimized at some point in their lives, with fondling being the most reported victimization (19.2%). Rape showed the greatest gender differences, with a higher risk for women of being raped compared to their men counterparts (OR = 4.28, p < .001). Being a woman, being declared legally incapable, and having comorbid mental health diagnoses were the most relevant characteristics of sexual victims with ID. The offender was generally a known adult man, and the percentage of incidents reported to the authorities was low (7.4%). The abuse led to negative psychological consequences for the victims. Study 3 explores the rates and characteristics of caregiver victimization, a disabilityrelated abuse particularly relevant for people with ID. This study outlines high rates of lifetime caregiver victimization (59.2%), with physical abuse, verbal abuse, and neglect being the most frequently reported forms. Those who live in residential care settings were at particular risk, experiencing significantly more victimization incidents and a broader range of victimization forms than their counterparts outside residential care. Most participants disclosed their victimization to someone, but only a small number reported it to the police (9.8%). The experiences of victimization led to adverse psychological consequences and, in some cases, physical harm (33.8%). Study 4 is a critical and historical narrative review exploring the complexity of the acts of violence involving women with ID. They face multiple adversities, being involved in the phenomenon of violence both as victims and as perpetrators. These two roles are not mutually exclusive, but the interrelation between statuses owes its variability and dynamics to other interacting variables. This study synthesizes different layers of analysis (i.e., ID label, vulnerability, mental health comorbidity, poverty, social deprivation, ethnicity, and race) using an intersecting approach, which has been particularly neglected in disability studies. This thesis revealed high self-reported victimization rates among people with ID when a lifetime assessment was conducted. Significant gender, residential, age, and disability-related differences concerning the rates and numbers of victimization experienced were identified. This helps to identify those ID profiles requiring special protection given their increased vulnerability. |
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2024 |
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2024 |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
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https://hdl.handle.net/2445/212060 http://hdl.handle.net/10803/691126 |
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https://hdl.handle.net/2445/212060 http://hdl.handle.net/10803/691126 |
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Inglés |
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Inglés |
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cc by-nc-nd (c) Codina Cobo, Marta, 2024 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/es/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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cc by-nc-nd (c) Codina Cobo, Marta, 2024 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/es/ |
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Universitat de Barcelona |
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Universitat de Barcelona |
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Tesis Doctorals - Departament - Psicologia Clínica i Psicobiologia reponame:Dipòsit Digital de la UB instname:Universidad de Barcelona |
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Exploring violence and vulnerability: Experiences of victimization among adults with intellectual disabilitiesCodina Cobo, MartaSalut mentalDiscapacitat intel·lectualViolènciaMaltractamentVíctimesMental healthMental deficiencyViolenceAbuseVictims[eng] People with intellectual disabilities (ID) seem to be at an increased risk of experiencing interpersonal victimization, especially for the most violent types, such as physical and sexual aggression. However, figure disparities across studies contribute to an inconclusive portrayal of the phenomenon. Still, they are often considered a vulnerable group towards victimization simply because of their disability, without considering other risk factors that may have a significant impact on the course of victimization. This dissertation aims to contribute to the knowledge and understanding of vulnerability and victimization among people with ID. It consists of three empirical studies analyzing the self-reported experiences of victimization in a sample of adults with ID and a narrative review analyzing different layers and intersecting vulnerabilities to victimization and offending. The study sample for the empirical studies consisted of 260 participants (154 men and 106 women) with ages ranging from 20–71 (M = 41.69, SD = 12.05) and a diagnostic of ID. Study 1 explores the rates of different forms of lifetime victimization and polyvictimization using the JVQ questionnaire and introduces a gender and age-related approach. The results showed high rates of lifetime victimization, with nearly all participants reporting some victimization experience (96.9%). Conventional crimes, including some forms of property crime, was the most frequent type of victimization among this sample (87.7%). High rates of physical and sexual violence were also reported. If the mean number of different victimization types experienced for the whole sample was six, poly-victims experienced more than double victimizations (13 or more incidents). Overall, women and early adults tended to experience higher rates of victimization in comparison with men and older adults. Study 2 examines the rates and characteristics of sexual victimization experiences among the sample. The results showed that 35% of the participants had been sexually victimized at some point in their lives, with fondling being the most reported victimization (19.2%). Rape showed the greatest gender differences, with a higher risk for women of being raped compared to their men counterparts (OR = 4.28, p < .001). Being a woman, being declared legally incapable, and having comorbid mental health diagnoses were the most relevant characteristics of sexual victims with ID. The offender was generally a known adult man, and the percentage of incidents reported to the authorities was low (7.4%). The abuse led to negative psychological consequences for the victims. Study 3 explores the rates and characteristics of caregiver victimization, a disabilityrelated abuse particularly relevant for people with ID. This study outlines high rates of lifetime caregiver victimization (59.2%), with physical abuse, verbal abuse, and neglect being the most frequently reported forms. Those who live in residential care settings were at particular risk, experiencing significantly more victimization incidents and a broader range of victimization forms than their counterparts outside residential care. Most participants disclosed their victimization to someone, but only a small number reported it to the police (9.8%). The experiences of victimization led to adverse psychological consequences and, in some cases, physical harm (33.8%). Study 4 is a critical and historical narrative review exploring the complexity of the acts of violence involving women with ID. They face multiple adversities, being involved in the phenomenon of violence both as victims and as perpetrators. These two roles are not mutually exclusive, but the interrelation between statuses owes its variability and dynamics to other interacting variables. This study synthesizes different layers of analysis (i.e., ID label, vulnerability, mental health comorbidity, poverty, social deprivation, ethnicity, and race) using an intersecting approach, which has been particularly neglected in disability studies. This thesis revealed high self-reported victimization rates among people with ID when a lifetime assessment was conducted. Significant gender, residential, age, and disability-related differences concerning the rates and numbers of victimization experienced were identified. This helps to identify those ID profiles requiring special protection given their increased vulnerability.[cat] Les persones amb discapacitat intel·lectual (DI) semblen presentar un major risc de patir victimització interpersonal, especialment d'aquells tipus més violents, com poden ser l'agressió física i la sexual. Tanmateix, les disparitats entre xifres que mostren els estudis contribueixen a una representació poc concloent del fenomen. Tot i això, sovint se'ls considera un grup vulnerable davant la victimització només pel fet de la seva discapacitat, sense tenir en compte altres factors de risc que poden tenir un impacte significatiu en devanir de la victimització. Aquesta tesi pretén contribuir al coneixement i comprensió de la vulnerabilitat i la victimització entre les persones amb DI. Es compon de tres articles empírics que analitzen les experiències autoinformades de victimització en una mostra d'adults amb DI, així com d'una revisió narrativa que analitza diferents aspectes que s'entrecreuen a la vulnerabilitat, la victimització i l'ofensa. La mostra pels tres articles empírics va consistir en 260 participants (154 homes i 106 dones) amb edats compreses entre els 20 i els 71 anys (M = 41,69, DT = 12,05) i amb un diagnòstic de DI. L'estudi 1 explora les taxes de diferents formes de victimització i poli-victimització al llarg de la vida mitjançant el qüestionari JVQ i introdueix un enfocament centrat en el gènere i l'edat. Els resultats mostren taxes elevades de victimització al llarg de la vida, amb gairebé tots els participants havent patit alguna experiència de victimització (96,9%). La victimització comuna, la qual inclou algunes formes de delictes contra la propietat, va ser el tipus de victimització més freqüent entre aquesta mostra (87,7%). També es van registrar taxes elevades de violència física i sexual. En general, les dones i aquelles persones més joves tendien a experimentar taxes de victimització més altes en comparació amb els homes i els adults més grans. Si el nombre mitjà de diferents tipus de victimització experimentats per a tota la mostra era de sis, les poli-víctimes en van experimentar més del doble (13 o més formes). L'estudi 2 examina les taxes i les característiques de les experiències de victimització sexual reportades per la mostra. Els resultats mostren que el 35% dels participants havien estat victimitzats sexualment en algun moment de la seva vida, sent els tocaments la forma de victimització més freqüent (19,2%). La violació va mostrar les diferències de gènere més marcades, amb un risc més elevat per a les dones en comparació amb els seus homòlegs masculins (OR = 4,28, p < 0,05). Ser dona, ser declarada legalment incapaç i tenir un diagnòstic de salut mental comòrbid eren les característiques més rellevants de les víctimes sexuals amb DI. L’agressor va ser generalment un home adult conegut i el percentatge d'incidents denunciats a les autoritats va ser baix (7,4%). El maltractament va tenir conseqüències psicològiques negatives per a les víctimes. L'estudi 3 explora les taxes i les característiques de la victimització perpetrada pels cuidadors, un abús relacionat amb la discapacitat especialment rellevant per a les persones amb DI. Aquest estudi descriu taxes elevades de victimització perpetrada pels cuidadors al llarg de la vida (59,2%), sent l'abús físic, l'abús verbal i la negligència les formes més freqüents. Aquells participants que vivien en entorns d'atenció residencial estaven en especial risc, experimentant molts més incidents de victimització i una gamma més àmplia de formes de victimització que els seus homòlegs fora de l'atenció residencial. La majoria dels participants va explicar els fets a algú, però només un petit nombre ho va denunciar a les autoritats policials (9,8%). Les experiències de victimització van comportar conseqüències psicològiques adverses i, en alguns casos, dany físic (33,8%). L'estudi 4 és una revisió narrativa crítica i històrica que explora la complexitat dels actes de violència en dones amb DI. Aquestes s'enfronten a múltiples adversitats, implicantse en el fenomen de la violència com a víctimes però també com a agressores. Aquests dos rols no són mútuament excloents, però la interrelació entre els dos estatus deu la seva variabilitat i dinàmica a altres variables que n’interactuen. Aquest estudi sintetitza i analitza diferents dimensions d'anàlisi (com ara el diagnòstic de DI, la vulnerabilitat, la comorbiditat amb la salut mental, la pobresa, la privació social, l'ètnia i la raça) mitjançant un enfocament interseccional, sovint infrautilitzat en els estudis sobre discapacitat. En conclusió, la tesi revela altes taxes de victimització autoreportades entre les persones amb DI especialment quan se n'avaluen les experiències al llarg de la vida. S'hi detecten diferències significatives relacionades amb el gènere, la residència, l'edat i algunes variables relacionades amb la discapacitat, pel que fa a les taxes i el nombre de victimitzacions experimentades, cosa que ajuda a identificar aquells perfils amb DI que requereixen una protecció especial donada la seva major vulnerabilitat.Universitat de BarcelonaPereda Beltran, NoemíUniversitat de Barcelona. Departament de Psicologia Clínica i Psicobiologia2024info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/2445/212060http://hdl.handle.net/10803/691126Tesis Doctorals - Departament - Psicologia Clínica i Psicobiologiareponame:Dipòsit Digital de la UBinstname:Universidad de BarcelonaIngléscc by-nc-nd (c) Codina Cobo, Marta, 2024http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/es/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:diposit.ub.edu:2445/2120602026-05-27T06:46:51Z |
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