Autophagy and Related Transcription Factors in Liver and Gut Diseases
The cell biologist Yoshinori Ohsumi received the 2016 Nobel Prize in Medicine for his early identification and characterization of the autophagy machinery, in particular, AuTophaGy-related (Atg) genes, in yeast. Macroautophagy (hereafter, autophagy) is a cytoprotective pathway for sequestration of c...
| Autores: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Formato: | artículo |
| Estado: | Versión publicada |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2020 |
| País: | España |
| Recursos: | Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) |
| Repositorio: | DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:digital.csic.es:10261/223661 |
| Acesso em linha: | http://hdl.handle.net/10261/223661 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palavra-chave: | Autophagy Diabetes Ethanol Lipophagy Liver Mitophagy Pancreas Steatosis |
| Resumo: | The cell biologist Yoshinori Ohsumi received the 2016 Nobel Prize in Medicine for his early identification and characterization of the autophagy machinery, in particular, AuTophaGy-related (Atg) genes, in yeast. Macroautophagy (hereafter, autophagy) is a cytoprotective pathway for sequestration of cellular components (such as misfolded proteins, damaged organelles, and excessive lipids) into autophagosomal vesicles, followed by clearance via the lysosomal system (Galluzzi et al., 2017). Autophagy is specifically upregulated upon exposure to various stressors such as oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress, thus aiding in the prevention of various pathologies. Therefore, autophagy dysregulation may be involved in inflammatory, metabolic, toxic, and infectious diseases and cancer (Kroemer et al., 2010; Eid et al., 2013; Horibe et al., 2017). Most organelles also seem to have selective programs of autophagy, including mitochondria, lipid droplets, endoplasmic reticulum, and even lysosomes. Selective autophagic removal of damaged mitochondria, or mitophagy, is an anti-apoptotic mechanism induced and specifically upregulated in response to various damaging agents such as binge ethanol exposure or drug-induced liver injury in animal models (Otsuki et al., 1994; Youle and Narendra, 2011; Lemasters, 2014; Eid et al., 2016; Eid et al., 2019). Autophagy can be regulated not only at the gene level, but its final performance can be modulated by lysosomal lipid composition. |
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