Diseño y validación de un instrumento para evaluar factoresintrínsecos y extrínsecos del rendimiento académico enestudiantes de medicina
Background:Low academic performance is a significant problem in medical programs that affectsstudents' academic trajectories and well-being. This phenomenon results from the complexinteraction between intrinsic factors (cognitive and emotional) and extrinsic factors (contextual andsocial). Howe...
| Autores: | , , , , |
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| Tipo de recurso: | artículo |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2026 |
| País: | España |
| Institución: | Universidad de Murcia |
| Repositorio: | DIGITUM. Depósito Digital Institucional de la Universidad de Murcia |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:digitum.um.es:10201/204021 |
| Acceso en línea: | http://hdl.handle.net/10201/204021 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palabra clave: | Intrinsic-extrinsic factors, medical students Instrument validation Rendimiento académico Factores intrínsecos-extrínsecos Estudiantes de Medicina Validación de instrumentos Academic performance No relacionado con ningún objetivo de desarrollo sostenible |
| Sumario: | Background:Low academic performance is a significant problem in medical programs that affectsstudents' academic trajectories and well-being. This phenomenon results from the complexinteraction between intrinsic factors (cognitive and emotional) and extrinsic factors (contextual andsocial). However, there remains a lack of validated instruments that comprehensively assess thismultiplicity of factors in the Mexican context. The systematic identification of these factors isessential for designing effective preventive interventions. Objective To design and validate aninstrument to systematically identify and assess the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that influenceacademic performance in medical students.Method:An instrumental study with an exploratorysequential design was conducted. Phase I: literature review in six specialized databases, 57exploratory interviews with discourse analysis, and preliminary instrument development. Phase II:two pilot tests (n₁=33, n₂=45) and two rounds of expert judgment validation (5 and 6 expertsrespectively). The Content Validity Coefficient (CVC) was used as a measure ofreliability.Results:The first round of validation of the 42 preliminary items obtained a total CVC of0.902. After incorporating expert recommendations, the final 38-item version achieved a total CVCof 0.974, exceeding international acceptance criteria. The final instrument integrates fourdimensions that operationalize the key factors: (1) sociodemographic characteristics and academicbackground; (2) metacognition and self-regulation; (3) academic emotions and support networks;and (4) sleep habits and mental health.Conclusion:A validated, reliable, and comprehensiveinstrument was developed that operationalizes the intrinsic factors (metacognition, emotionalregulation, mental health) and extrinsic factors (academic background, socioeconomic context,support networks) that determine academic performance in Mexican medical students. This toolfacilitates early identification of academic risk and provides a foundation for designingcontextualized and personalized educational interventions |
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