Poor air quality at school and educational inequality by family socioeconomic status in Italy

This paper investigates social stratification in the context of poor air quality's impact on educational achievement in Italy, a country characterized by high levels of air pollution and significant geographical diversity. We address two primary questions: firstly, whether students from differe...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Bernardi, Fabrizio, Conte Keivabu, Risto
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2024
País:España
Institución:Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia
Repositorio:e-spacio. Repositorio Institucional de la UNED
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:e-spacio.uned.es:20.500.14468/25163
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14468/25163
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:63 Sociología
Air pollution
Educational inequalities
Socioeconomic status
Test scores
Italy
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spelling Poor air quality at school and educational inequality by family socioeconomic status in ItalyBernardi, FabrizioConte Keivabu, Risto63 SociologíaAir pollutionEducational inequalitiesSocioeconomic statusTest scoresItalyThis paper investigates social stratification in the context of poor air quality's impact on educational achievement in Italy, a country characterized by high levels of air pollution and significant geographical diversity. We address two primary questions: firstly, whether students from different socio-economic backgrounds vary in their exposure to high levels of particulate matter (PM2.5) at school, and secondly, if the effect of exposure to poor air quality on academic performance differs between children from high and low socio-economic status families. Utilizing a novel dataset comprising test scores in math and reading for 456,508 8th-grade students, collected nationally in Italy in 2019, we geocode the locations of 6882 schools based on their addresses and link the level of air pollution in the surrounding areas using PM2.5 data from the Atmospheric Composition Analysis Group. To address potential confounding factors, we estimate municipality and province fixed effects and control for indicators of school neighborhood characteristics and school quality. Our analysis yields three key findings. Firstly, students from higher socio-economic backgrounds tend to attend schools with higher PM2.5 levels. However, the positive association between SES and exposure to PM2.5 disappears when adding province and municipality fixed effects, suggesting that the positive association can be explained by selection into provinces and municipalities by SES. Secondly, we identify a small yet consistent negative effect of PM2.5 on math and reading test scores. Thirdly, this adverse impact is primarily observed among students from low socio-economic backgrounds. We conclude that the relationship between environmental risks and disparities in educational achievement based on social background in Italy is nuanced and critically influenced by the country's specific context.Elseviere-Spacio UNED20252025-01-1020242024-06-0120242024-06-01journal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14468/25163reponame:e-spacio. Repositorio Institucional de la UNEDinstname:Universidad Nacional de Educación a DistanciaInglésengopen accesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.esoai:e-spacio.uned.es:20.500.14468/251632026-06-06T12:38:31Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Poor air quality at school and educational inequality by family socioeconomic status in Italy
title Poor air quality at school and educational inequality by family socioeconomic status in Italy
spellingShingle Poor air quality at school and educational inequality by family socioeconomic status in Italy
Bernardi, Fabrizio
63 Sociología
Air pollution
Educational inequalities
Socioeconomic status
Test scores
Italy
title_short Poor air quality at school and educational inequality by family socioeconomic status in Italy
title_full Poor air quality at school and educational inequality by family socioeconomic status in Italy
title_fullStr Poor air quality at school and educational inequality by family socioeconomic status in Italy
title_full_unstemmed Poor air quality at school and educational inequality by family socioeconomic status in Italy
title_sort Poor air quality at school and educational inequality by family socioeconomic status in Italy
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Bernardi, Fabrizio
Conte Keivabu, Risto
author Bernardi, Fabrizio
author_facet Bernardi, Fabrizio
Conte Keivabu, Risto
author_role author
author2 Conte Keivabu, Risto
author2_role author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv e-Spacio UNED
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv 63 Sociología
Air pollution
Educational inequalities
Socioeconomic status
Test scores
Italy
topic 63 Sociología
Air pollution
Educational inequalities
Socioeconomic status
Test scores
Italy
description This paper investigates social stratification in the context of poor air quality's impact on educational achievement in Italy, a country characterized by high levels of air pollution and significant geographical diversity. We address two primary questions: firstly, whether students from different socio-economic backgrounds vary in their exposure to high levels of particulate matter (PM2.5) at school, and secondly, if the effect of exposure to poor air quality on academic performance differs between children from high and low socio-economic status families. Utilizing a novel dataset comprising test scores in math and reading for 456,508 8th-grade students, collected nationally in Italy in 2019, we geocode the locations of 6882 schools based on their addresses and link the level of air pollution in the surrounding areas using PM2.5 data from the Atmospheric Composition Analysis Group. To address potential confounding factors, we estimate municipality and province fixed effects and control for indicators of school neighborhood characteristics and school quality. Our analysis yields three key findings. Firstly, students from higher socio-economic backgrounds tend to attend schools with higher PM2.5 levels. However, the positive association between SES and exposure to PM2.5 disappears when adding province and municipality fixed effects, suggesting that the positive association can be explained by selection into provinces and municipalities by SES. Secondly, we identify a small yet consistent negative effect of PM2.5 on math and reading test scores. Thirdly, this adverse impact is primarily observed among students from low socio-economic backgrounds. We conclude that the relationship between environmental risks and disparities in educational achievement based on social background in Italy is nuanced and critically influenced by the country's specific context.
publishDate 2024
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2024
2024-06-01
2024
2024-06-01
2025
2025-01-10
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv journal article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14468/25163
url https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14468/25163
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
eng
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
language eng
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.es
rights_invalid_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.es
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:e-spacio. Repositorio Institucional de la UNED
instname:Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia
instname_str Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia
reponame_str e-spacio. Repositorio Institucional de la UNED
collection e-spacio. Repositorio Institucional de la UNED
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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score 15,812455

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