Merger rate of black hole binaries from globular clusters: Theoretical error bars and comparison to gravitational wave data from GWTC-2

Black hole binaries formed dynamically in globular clusters are believed to be one of the main sources of gravitational waves in the Universe. Here, we use our new population synthesis code, cbhbd, to determine the redshift evolution of the merger rate density and masses of black hole binaries forme...

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Autores: Antonini, Fabio, Gieles, Mark
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2020
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/237072
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/237072
Access Level:acceso abierto
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spelling Merger rate of black hole binaries from globular clusters: Theoretical error bars and comparison to gravitational wave data from GWTC-2Antonini, FabioGieles, MarkBlack hole binaries formed dynamically in globular clusters are believed to be one of the main sources of gravitational waves in the Universe. Here, we use our new population synthesis code, cbhbd, to determine the redshift evolution of the merger rate density and masses of black hole binaries formed in globular clusters. We simulate ∼2million models to explore the parameter space that is relevant to real globular clusters and overall mass scales. We show that when uncertainties on the initial cluster mass function and their initial half-mass density are properly taken into account, they become the two dominant factors in setting the theoretical error bars on merger rates. Uncertainties in other model parameters (e.g., natal kicks, black hole masses, and metallicity) have virtually no effect on the local merger rate density, although they affect the masses of the merging black holes. Modeling the merger rate density as a function of redshift as R(z)=R0(1+z)κ at z<2, and marginalizing over uncertainties, we find: R0=7.2+21.5−5.5Gpc−3 yr−1 and κ=1.6+0.4−0.6 (90% credibility). The rate parameters for binaries that merge inside the clusters are R0,in=1.6+1.9−1.0 Gpc−3yr−1 and κ in=2.3+1.3−1.0; ∼20% of these form as the result of a gravitational-wave capture, implying that eccentric mergers from globular clusters contribute ≲0.4Gpc−3 yr−1 to the local rate. A comparison to the merger rate reported by Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory-Virgo shows that a scenario in which most of the detected black hole mergers are formed in globular clusters is consistent with current constraints and requires initial cluster half-mass densities ≳104M⊙pc-3. Interestingly, these models also reproduce the inferred black hole mass function in the range 13–30M⊙. However, all models underpredict the data outside this range, suggesting that other mechanisms might be responsible for the formation of these sources.F. A. acknowledges support from a Rutherford Fellowship (ST/P00492X/1) from the Science and Technology Facilities Council. We acknowledge the support of the Supercomputing Wales project, which is partly funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) via the Welsh government.Peer reviewedAmerican Physical SocietyScience and Technology Facilities Council (UK)European CommissionWelsh GovernmentConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]202120212020info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/237072reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Ingléshttps://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.102.123016Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/2370722026-05-22T06:33:51Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Merger rate of black hole binaries from globular clusters: Theoretical error bars and comparison to gravitational wave data from GWTC-2
title Merger rate of black hole binaries from globular clusters: Theoretical error bars and comparison to gravitational wave data from GWTC-2
spellingShingle Merger rate of black hole binaries from globular clusters: Theoretical error bars and comparison to gravitational wave data from GWTC-2
Antonini, Fabio
title_short Merger rate of black hole binaries from globular clusters: Theoretical error bars and comparison to gravitational wave data from GWTC-2
title_full Merger rate of black hole binaries from globular clusters: Theoretical error bars and comparison to gravitational wave data from GWTC-2
title_fullStr Merger rate of black hole binaries from globular clusters: Theoretical error bars and comparison to gravitational wave data from GWTC-2
title_full_unstemmed Merger rate of black hole binaries from globular clusters: Theoretical error bars and comparison to gravitational wave data from GWTC-2
title_sort Merger rate of black hole binaries from globular clusters: Theoretical error bars and comparison to gravitational wave data from GWTC-2
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Antonini, Fabio
Gieles, Mark
author Antonini, Fabio
author_facet Antonini, Fabio
Gieles, Mark
author_role author
author2 Gieles, Mark
author2_role author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK)
European Commission
Welsh Government
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
description Black hole binaries formed dynamically in globular clusters are believed to be one of the main sources of gravitational waves in the Universe. Here, we use our new population synthesis code, cbhbd, to determine the redshift evolution of the merger rate density and masses of black hole binaries formed in globular clusters. We simulate ∼2million models to explore the parameter space that is relevant to real globular clusters and overall mass scales. We show that when uncertainties on the initial cluster mass function and their initial half-mass density are properly taken into account, they become the two dominant factors in setting the theoretical error bars on merger rates. Uncertainties in other model parameters (e.g., natal kicks, black hole masses, and metallicity) have virtually no effect on the local merger rate density, although they affect the masses of the merging black holes. Modeling the merger rate density as a function of redshift as R(z)=R0(1+z)κ at z<2, and marginalizing over uncertainties, we find: R0=7.2+21.5−5.5Gpc−3 yr−1 and κ=1.6+0.4−0.6 (90% credibility). The rate parameters for binaries that merge inside the clusters are R0,in=1.6+1.9−1.0 Gpc−3yr−1 and κ in=2.3+1.3−1.0; ∼20% of these form as the result of a gravitational-wave capture, implying that eccentric mergers from globular clusters contribute ≲0.4Gpc−3 yr−1 to the local rate. A comparison to the merger rate reported by Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory-Virgo shows that a scenario in which most of the detected black hole mergers are formed in globular clusters is consistent with current constraints and requires initial cluster half-mass densities ≳104M⊙pc-3. Interestingly, these models also reproduce the inferred black hole mass function in the range 13–30M⊙. However, all models underpredict the data outside this range, suggesting that other mechanisms might be responsible for the formation of these sources.
publishDate 2020
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2020
2021
2021
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
Publisher's version
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/237072
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/237072
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.102.123016

dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv American Physical Society
publisher.none.fl_str_mv American Physical Society
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
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