Battle of Thermopylae: 300 Spartans (natural killer cells plus obinutuzumab) versus the immortal warriors (chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells) of Xerxes’ army

Garcia-Muñoz, R. (R.)|||/items/4cf158b6-e645-4ce5-8edc-8780b5f1a548; Nájera, M.J. (María Josefa)|||/items/4d7b7c35-8a73-43f2-8787-926a95caceb8; Feliu, J. (Jesús)|||/items/2e1c9641-d029-4072-a171-ef7f4b32f703; Antón-Remírez, J. (Judith)|||/items/38e7b565-5b57-418a-87d3-1fdac4346355; Ramalle-Gomara, E. (Enrique)|||/items/32213168-80d0-49f6-b2a5-89d0bfd92637; Marín-Gorricho, R. (Raquel)|||/items/193fec9f-0550-4bd0-9600-d0dcde015e9e; Peralta, R. (Raisa)|||/items/3b0d6d77-8687-4ff8-8332-2c4484439d26; Gutierrez-Gamarra, E. (Elena)|||/items/d8018190-23bd-4622-b9da-1fad4bfced69; Nuñez-Rodriguez, J. (Jessica)|||/items/8cbc1e37-e337-42a9-bb1d-bede8ff71449; Morales, R. (Ricardo)|||/items/abd44964-c803-4c9b-a850-0f7e527cfef0; Aguinaga, L. (Lorea)|||/items/bf78da5b-d7cd-4453-ba91-4f8d9ab5d067; Nebot-Villacampa, M.J. (María José)|||/items/f57db1da-ddaa-4dc7-8491-f17fb7b45f73; Hernandez-Perez, P.M. (Prisma Montserrat)|||/items/53b036f7-28dc-45a0-9110-d42fdb50270a; Farfan-Quiroga, G. (Giovanna)|||/items/ab9f184f-7f06-49e9-a2c5-31c361d55abf; Panizo, C. (Carlos)|||/items/a5fb9193-be12-418c-9a99-929473b7bb3b; Domínguez-Garrido, E. (Elena)|||/items/d869a4a2-0831-4a97-84ac-1b088a531a0b

Battle of Thermopylae: 300 Spartans (natural killer cells plus obinutuzumab) versus the immortal warriors (chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells) of Xerxes’ army

Aim: To analyze the effects of subcutaneous or intravenous rituximab + lymphokine-activated killer cells, obinutuzumab or ibrutinib on natural killer (NK) cell levels in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and follicular lymphoma patients. Patients & methods: The distribution of peripheral blood NK cel...

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Autores:	Garcia-Muñoz, R. (R.)\|\|\|/items/4cf158b6-e645-4ce5-8edc-8780b5f1a548, Nájera, M.J. (María Josefa)\|\|\|/items/4d7b7c35-8a73-43f2-8787-926a95caceb8, Feliu, J. (Jesús)\|\|\|/items/2e1c9641-d029-4072-a171-ef7f4b32f703, Antón-Remírez, J. (Judith)\|\|\|/items/38e7b565-5b57-418a-87d3-1fdac4346355, Ramalle-Gomara, E. (Enrique)\|\|\|/items/32213168-80d0-49f6-b2a5-89d0bfd92637, Marín-Gorricho, R. (Raquel)\|\|\|/items/193fec9f-0550-4bd0-9600-d0dcde015e9e, Peralta, R. (Raisa)\|\|\|/items/3b0d6d77-8687-4ff8-8332-2c4484439d26, Gutierrez-Gamarra, E. (Elena)\|\|\|/items/d8018190-23bd-4622-b9da-1fad4bfced69, Nuñez-Rodriguez, J. (Jessica)\|\|\|/items/8cbc1e37-e337-42a9-bb1d-bede8ff71449, Morales, R. (Ricardo)\|\|\|/items/abd44964-c803-4c9b-a850-0f7e527cfef0, Aguinaga, L. (Lorea)\|\|\|/items/bf78da5b-d7cd-4453-ba91-4f8d9ab5d067, Nebot-Villacampa, M.J. (María José)\|\|\|/items/f57db1da-ddaa-4dc7-8491-f17fb7b45f73, Hernandez-Perez, P.M. (Prisma Montserrat)\|\|\|/items/53b036f7-28dc-45a0-9110-d42fdb50270a, Farfan-Quiroga, G. (Giovanna)\|\|\|/items/ab9f184f-7f06-49e9-a2c5-31c361d55abf, Panizo, C. (Carlos)\|\|\|/items/a5fb9193-be12-418c-9a99-929473b7bb3b, Domínguez-Garrido, E. (Elena)\|\|\|/items/d869a4a2-0831-4a97-84ac-1b088a531a0b
Tipo de recurso:	artículo
Fecha de publicación:	2019
País:	España
Institución:	Universidad de Navarra
Repositorio:	Dadun. Depósito Académico Digital de la Universidad de Navarra
Idioma:	inglés
OAI Identifier:	oai:dadun.unav.edu:10171/63712
Acceso en línea:	https://hdl.handle.net/10171/63712
Access Level:	acceso abierto
Palabra clave:	ADCC Chronic lymphocytic leukemia Follicular lymphoma GA101 Ibrutinib NK cells Obinutuzumab Subcutaneous rituximab

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spelling	Battle of Thermopylae: 300 Spartans (natural killer cells plus obinutuzumab) versus the immortal warriors (chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells) of Xerxes’ armyGarcia-Muñoz, R. (R.)\|\|\|/items/4cf158b6-e645-4ce5-8edc-8780b5f1a548Nájera, M.J. (María Josefa)\|\|\|/items/4d7b7c35-8a73-43f2-8787-926a95caceb8Feliu, J. (Jesús)\|\|\|/items/2e1c9641-d029-4072-a171-ef7f4b32f703Antón-Remírez, J. (Judith)\|\|\|/items/38e7b565-5b57-418a-87d3-1fdac4346355Ramalle-Gomara, E. (Enrique)\|\|\|/items/32213168-80d0-49f6-b2a5-89d0bfd92637Marín-Gorricho, R. (Raquel)\|\|\|/items/193fec9f-0550-4bd0-9600-d0dcde015e9ePeralta, R. (Raisa)\|\|\|/items/3b0d6d77-8687-4ff8-8332-2c4484439d26Gutierrez-Gamarra, E. (Elena)\|\|\|/items/d8018190-23bd-4622-b9da-1fad4bfced69Nuñez-Rodriguez, J. (Jessica)\|\|\|/items/8cbc1e37-e337-42a9-bb1d-bede8ff71449Morales, R. (Ricardo)\|\|\|/items/abd44964-c803-4c9b-a850-0f7e527cfef0Aguinaga, L. (Lorea)\|\|\|/items/bf78da5b-d7cd-4453-ba91-4f8d9ab5d067Nebot-Villacampa, M.J. (María José)\|\|\|/items/f57db1da-ddaa-4dc7-8491-f17fb7b45f73Hernandez-Perez, P.M. (Prisma Montserrat)\|\|\|/items/53b036f7-28dc-45a0-9110-d42fdb50270aFarfan-Quiroga, G. (Giovanna)\|\|\|/items/ab9f184f-7f06-49e9-a2c5-31c361d55abfPanizo, C. (Carlos)\|\|\|/items/a5fb9193-be12-418c-9a99-929473b7bb3bDomínguez-Garrido, E. (Elena)\|\|\|/items/d869a4a2-0831-4a97-84ac-1b088a531a0bADCCChronic lymphocytic leukemiaFollicular lymphomaGA101IbrutinibNK cellsObinutuzumabSubcutaneous rituximabAim: To analyze the effects of subcutaneous or intravenous rituximab + lymphokine-activated killer cells, obinutuzumab or ibrutinib on natural killer (NK) cell levels in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and follicular lymphoma patients. Patients & methods: The distribution of peripheral blood NK cells of 31 patients was analyzed by flow cytometry. Results: We detected a decrease of NK cells in peripheral blood below normal range after obinutuzumab treatment. During maintenance treatment with subcutaneous rituximab, an NK cell reduction was less pronounced than after intravenous rituximab treatment, despite lymphokineactivated killer cell infusions. Conclusion: After one dose of obinutuzumab, each NK cell in peripheral blood destroys 25 leukemic cells. Lay abstract: The standard treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and follicular lymphoma is chemotherapy in combination with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies, resulting in the destruction of the immune system, or a ‘Kamikaze effect’. Unfortunately, immunotherapy with rituximab or obinutuzumab may be of limited efficacy when the immunological system is overwhelmed by abundant tumor cells or is diminished by chemotherapy, which eliminates effector immune cells such as natural killer cells before they would be able to kill the whole tumor. Hence, it is important to measure the number of immune cells to ensure that during the encounter of effector cells with tumor cells, sufficient ‘warriors’ can win the battle against the tumor. Otherwise, something akin to the Battle of Thermopylae can happen where a limited number of Spartan warriors faced a huge army and were defeated in the end.Future Science LtdDadun. Depósito Académico Digital Universidad de Navarra20222022-06-2820192019-01-0120192019-01-01journal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/10171/63712reponame:Dadun. Depósito Académico Digital de la Universidad de Navarrainstname:Universidad de NavarraInglésengopen accesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:dadun.unav.edu:10171/637122026-06-21T12:47:57Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv	Battle of Thermopylae: 300 Spartans (natural killer cells plus obinutuzumab) versus the immortal warriors (chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells) of Xerxes’ army
title	Battle of Thermopylae: 300 Spartans (natural killer cells plus obinutuzumab) versus the immortal warriors (chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells) of Xerxes’ army
spellingShingle	Battle of Thermopylae: 300 Spartans (natural killer cells plus obinutuzumab) versus the immortal warriors (chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells) of Xerxes’ army Garcia-Muñoz, R. (R.)\|\|\|/items/4cf158b6-e645-4ce5-8edc-8780b5f1a548 ADCC Chronic lymphocytic leukemia Follicular lymphoma GA101 Ibrutinib NK cells Obinutuzumab Subcutaneous rituximab
title_short	Battle of Thermopylae: 300 Spartans (natural killer cells plus obinutuzumab) versus the immortal warriors (chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells) of Xerxes’ army
title_full	Battle of Thermopylae: 300 Spartans (natural killer cells plus obinutuzumab) versus the immortal warriors (chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells) of Xerxes’ army
title_fullStr	Battle of Thermopylae: 300 Spartans (natural killer cells plus obinutuzumab) versus the immortal warriors (chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells) of Xerxes’ army
title_full_unstemmed	Battle of Thermopylae: 300 Spartans (natural killer cells plus obinutuzumab) versus the immortal warriors (chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells) of Xerxes’ army
title_sort	Battle of Thermopylae: 300 Spartans (natural killer cells plus obinutuzumab) versus the immortal warriors (chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells) of Xerxes’ army
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv	Garcia-Muñoz, R. (R.)\|\|\|/items/4cf158b6-e645-4ce5-8edc-8780b5f1a548 Nájera, M.J. (María Josefa)\|\|\|/items/4d7b7c35-8a73-43f2-8787-926a95caceb8 Feliu, J. (Jesús)\|\|\|/items/2e1c9641-d029-4072-a171-ef7f4b32f703 Antón-Remírez, J. (Judith)\|\|\|/items/38e7b565-5b57-418a-87d3-1fdac4346355 Ramalle-Gomara, E. (Enrique)\|\|\|/items/32213168-80d0-49f6-b2a5-89d0bfd92637 Marín-Gorricho, R. (Raquel)\|\|\|/items/193fec9f-0550-4bd0-9600-d0dcde015e9e Peralta, R. (Raisa)\|\|\|/items/3b0d6d77-8687-4ff8-8332-2c4484439d26 Gutierrez-Gamarra, E. (Elena)\|\|\|/items/d8018190-23bd-4622-b9da-1fad4bfced69 Nuñez-Rodriguez, J. (Jessica)\|\|\|/items/8cbc1e37-e337-42a9-bb1d-bede8ff71449 Morales, R. (Ricardo)\|\|\|/items/abd44964-c803-4c9b-a850-0f7e527cfef0 Aguinaga, L. (Lorea)\|\|\|/items/bf78da5b-d7cd-4453-ba91-4f8d9ab5d067 Nebot-Villacampa, M.J. (María José)\|\|\|/items/f57db1da-ddaa-4dc7-8491-f17fb7b45f73 Hernandez-Perez, P.M. (Prisma Montserrat)\|\|\|/items/53b036f7-28dc-45a0-9110-d42fdb50270a Farfan-Quiroga, G. (Giovanna)\|\|\|/items/ab9f184f-7f06-49e9-a2c5-31c361d55abf Panizo, C. (Carlos)\|\|\|/items/a5fb9193-be12-418c-9a99-929473b7bb3b Domínguez-Garrido, E. (Elena)\|\|\|/items/d869a4a2-0831-4a97-84ac-1b088a531a0b
author	Garcia-Muñoz, R. (R.)\|\|\|/items/4cf158b6-e645-4ce5-8edc-8780b5f1a548
author_facet	Garcia-Muñoz, R. (R.)\|\|\|/items/4cf158b6-e645-4ce5-8edc-8780b5f1a548 Nájera, M.J. (María Josefa)\|\|\|/items/4d7b7c35-8a73-43f2-8787-926a95caceb8 Feliu, J. (Jesús)\|\|\|/items/2e1c9641-d029-4072-a171-ef7f4b32f703 Antón-Remírez, J. (Judith)\|\|\|/items/38e7b565-5b57-418a-87d3-1fdac4346355 Ramalle-Gomara, E. (Enrique)\|\|\|/items/32213168-80d0-49f6-b2a5-89d0bfd92637 Marín-Gorricho, R. (Raquel)\|\|\|/items/193fec9f-0550-4bd0-9600-d0dcde015e9e Peralta, R. (Raisa)\|\|\|/items/3b0d6d77-8687-4ff8-8332-2c4484439d26 Gutierrez-Gamarra, E. (Elena)\|\|\|/items/d8018190-23bd-4622-b9da-1fad4bfced69 Nuñez-Rodriguez, J. (Jessica)\|\|\|/items/8cbc1e37-e337-42a9-bb1d-bede8ff71449 Morales, R. (Ricardo)\|\|\|/items/abd44964-c803-4c9b-a850-0f7e527cfef0 Aguinaga, L. (Lorea)\|\|\|/items/bf78da5b-d7cd-4453-ba91-4f8d9ab5d067 Nebot-Villacampa, M.J. (María José)\|\|\|/items/f57db1da-ddaa-4dc7-8491-f17fb7b45f73 Hernandez-Perez, P.M. (Prisma Montserrat)\|\|\|/items/53b036f7-28dc-45a0-9110-d42fdb50270a Farfan-Quiroga, G. (Giovanna)\|\|\|/items/ab9f184f-7f06-49e9-a2c5-31c361d55abf Panizo, C. (Carlos)\|\|\|/items/a5fb9193-be12-418c-9a99-929473b7bb3b Domínguez-Garrido, E. (Elena)\|\|\|/items/d869a4a2-0831-4a97-84ac-1b088a531a0b
author_role	author
author2	Nájera, M.J. (María Josefa)\|\|\|/items/4d7b7c35-8a73-43f2-8787-926a95caceb8 Feliu, J. (Jesús)\|\|\|/items/2e1c9641-d029-4072-a171-ef7f4b32f703 Antón-Remírez, J. (Judith)\|\|\|/items/38e7b565-5b57-418a-87d3-1fdac4346355 Ramalle-Gomara, E. (Enrique)\|\|\|/items/32213168-80d0-49f6-b2a5-89d0bfd92637 Marín-Gorricho, R. (Raquel)\|\|\|/items/193fec9f-0550-4bd0-9600-d0dcde015e9e Peralta, R. (Raisa)\|\|\|/items/3b0d6d77-8687-4ff8-8332-2c4484439d26 Gutierrez-Gamarra, E. (Elena)\|\|\|/items/d8018190-23bd-4622-b9da-1fad4bfced69 Nuñez-Rodriguez, J. (Jessica)\|\|\|/items/8cbc1e37-e337-42a9-bb1d-bede8ff71449 Morales, R. (Ricardo)\|\|\|/items/abd44964-c803-4c9b-a850-0f7e527cfef0 Aguinaga, L. (Lorea)\|\|\|/items/bf78da5b-d7cd-4453-ba91-4f8d9ab5d067 Nebot-Villacampa, M.J. (María José)\|\|\|/items/f57db1da-ddaa-4dc7-8491-f17fb7b45f73 Hernandez-Perez, P.M. (Prisma Montserrat)\|\|\|/items/53b036f7-28dc-45a0-9110-d42fdb50270a Farfan-Quiroga, G. (Giovanna)\|\|\|/items/ab9f184f-7f06-49e9-a2c5-31c361d55abf Panizo, C. (Carlos)\|\|\|/items/a5fb9193-be12-418c-9a99-929473b7bb3b Domínguez-Garrido, E. (Elena)\|\|\|/items/d869a4a2-0831-4a97-84ac-1b088a531a0b
author2_role	author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv	Dadun. Depósito Académico Digital Universidad de Navarra
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv	ADCC Chronic lymphocytic leukemia Follicular lymphoma GA101 Ibrutinib NK cells Obinutuzumab Subcutaneous rituximab
topic	ADCC Chronic lymphocytic leukemia Follicular lymphoma GA101 Ibrutinib NK cells Obinutuzumab Subcutaneous rituximab
description	Aim: To analyze the effects of subcutaneous or intravenous rituximab + lymphokine-activated killer cells, obinutuzumab or ibrutinib on natural killer (NK) cell levels in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and follicular lymphoma patients. Patients & methods: The distribution of peripheral blood NK cells of 31 patients was analyzed by flow cytometry. Results: We detected a decrease of NK cells in peripheral blood below normal range after obinutuzumab treatment. During maintenance treatment with subcutaneous rituximab, an NK cell reduction was less pronounced than after intravenous rituximab treatment, despite lymphokineactivated killer cell infusions. Conclusion: After one dose of obinutuzumab, each NK cell in peripheral blood destroys 25 leukemic cells. Lay abstract: The standard treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and follicular lymphoma is chemotherapy in combination with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies, resulting in the destruction of the immune system, or a ‘Kamikaze effect’. Unfortunately, immunotherapy with rituximab or obinutuzumab may be of limited efficacy when the immunological system is overwhelmed by abundant tumor cells or is diminished by chemotherapy, which eliminates effector immune cells such as natural killer cells before they would be able to kill the whole tumor. Hence, it is important to measure the number of immune cells to ensure that during the encounter of effector cells with tumor cells, sufficient ‘warriors’ can win the battle against the tumor. Otherwise, something akin to the Battle of Thermopylae can happen where a limited number of Spartan warriors faced a huge army and were defeated in the end.
publishDate	2019
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv	2019 2019-01-01 2019 2019-01-01 2022 2022-06-28
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv	journal article http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv	info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format	article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv	https://hdl.handle.net/10171/63712
url	https://hdl.handle.net/10171/63712
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv	Inglés eng
language_invalid_str_mv	Inglés
language	eng
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv	open access http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
dc.rights.openaire.fl_str_mv	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv	open access http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
eu_rights_str_mv	openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv	application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv	Future Science Ltd
publisher.none.fl_str_mv	Future Science Ltd
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv	reponame:Dadun. Depósito Académico Digital de la Universidad de Navarra instname:Universidad de Navarra
instname_str	Universidad de Navarra
reponame_str	Dadun. Depósito Académico Digital de la Universidad de Navarra
collection	Dadun. Depósito Académico Digital de la Universidad de Navarra
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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Battle of Thermopylae: 300 Spartans (natural killer cells plus obinutuzumab) versus the immortal warriors (chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells) of Xerxes’ army

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