Análisis, caracterización y diseño de Hidrantes multiusuario para riego
[EN] A rational and correct usage of available water resources in irrigation entails access to infrastructures that utilise pressurised pipelines to carry the required volumes of water from the catchment to the plant. The pressurised irrigation systems, whether at collective or smallholding level, p...
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| Tipo de recurso: | tesis doctoral |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2016 |
| País: | España |
| Institución: | Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV) |
| Repositorio: | RiuNet. Repositorio Institucional de la Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia |
| Idioma: | español |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:riunet.upv.es:10251/62214 |
| Acceso en línea: | https://riunet.upv.es/handle/10251/62214 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palabra clave: | Hidrantes Hidrantes multiusuario CFD EPANET Caracterización hidráulica Pérdidas singulares Ks Riego Modelización hidráulica Contadores de riego Bloqueo contadores INGENIERIA AGROFORESTAL |
| Sumario: | [EN] A rational and correct usage of available water resources in irrigation entails access to infrastructures that utilise pressurised pipelines to carry the required volumes of water from the catchment to the plant. The pressurised irrigation systems, whether at collective or smallholding level, permit a high degree of control over the water applied, and guarantee a high rate of application efficiency. Over the last 30 years, the adoption of these irrigation systems have led to the construction and start-up of numerous collective pressurised irrigation networks. In the Mediterranean region, where the production model is based on the intensive farming of small and medium-sized plots of land (areas not exceeding 0.5 hectares), the water distribution systems from the network to the allotment is normally via so-called multi-user hydrants. These devices have unique features that make them difficult to characterise and model. Traditionally their design and configuration has been the responsibility of the engineering design team who use their own experience as a criterion of design, disregarding the fact in many cases, of how the design and configuration affects the hydraulic response of these devices as well as the influence this will have on the infrastructure works connected downstream from these devices. This thesis deals with the study of these multi-user hydrants. Firstly it analyses their current state of operation, compiling the problems encountered at present, highlighting the metrological blocking of meters, corrosion, leaks, excessive load losses, unsuitable materials and equipment, etc. Problems that impair the equipment and make it impossible for them to perform the functions for which they were installed. Secondly, an attempt to organise the devices based on their configuration is done, classifying them according to the position of the water meter, in horizontal and vertical. Analyses of the regulations that define the characteristics of the hydrants (UNE-EN14267) is carried out, demonstrating that it is insufficient for these types of elements. Therefore, through the experience gained in the LHIR of UPV (The Hydraulics and Irrigation Laboratory of the Politechnic University of Valencia), and from the hydraulic trials of 13 of these devices, we propose tests of hydraulic characterisation that allow us to assess the correct configuration and operation of the aforementioned devices, analysing and proposing solutions for the main problem that was encountered - the blocking of metrological meters. Thirdly, once the situation of the multi-user hydrants is analysed, and after the problems encountered in the field and laboratory are compiled, a design protocol is developed that culminates in a draft of the Technical Specifications of the types of devices. The application of this draft with the collaboration of SEIASA (Spanish Society of Agricultural Infrastructures) leads to the development of a hydrant configuration type called "Costella", where the main challenges that were encountered ultimately are solved. This part of the thesis ends with validation through hydraulic tests in the laboratory (LHIR), of three hydrants with this configuration. The fourth and last part of the thesis proposes a method of analysis, based on the EPANET 2.0 application, which makes it possible to verify and configure this type of hydrant validating its operation before its installation in the network. Utilising all the experimental framework a model has been constructed using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) from the collectors of the trialed hydrants. In paralllel every type of hydrant has been characterised by means of EPANET adjusting the resitance coefficients of the different unique components that constitute each hydrant. These CFD models have made it possible to validate the models in EPANET that simulate with great precision the real response of the collectors and therefore apply to the simulation of the whole hydrant. |
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