A likely Supermassive black hole revealed by its Einstein Radius in Hubble frontier fields images

At cosmological distances, gravitational lensing can in principle provide direct mass measurements of supermassive black holes (SMBHs). Here, we directly estimate the mass of a SMBH in the brightest cluster galaxy (BCG) of MACS J1149.5+2223 at z = 0.54 using one of the multiply lensed images of a ba...

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Autores: Chen, Mandy C., Broadhurst, Tom, Lim, Jeremy, Diego Rodríguez, José María|||0000-0001-9065-3926, Ohyama, Youichi, Ford, Holland, Benítez, Narciso
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2018
País:España
Institución:Universidad de Cantabria (UC)
Repositorio:UCrea Repositorio Abierto de la Universidad de Cantabria
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:repositorio.unican.es:10902/31373
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/10902/31373
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Galaxies: clusters: individual (MACS J1149.5+2223)
Galaxies: elliptical
Lenticular, cd
Galaxies: evolution
Galaxies: nuclei
Gravitational lensing: strong
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spelling A likely Supermassive black hole revealed by its Einstein Radius in Hubble frontier fields imagesChen, Mandy C.Broadhurst, TomLim, JeremyDiego Rodríguez, José María|||0000-0001-9065-3926Ohyama, YouichiFord, HollandBenítez, NarcisoGalaxies: clusters: individual (MACS J1149.5+2223)Galaxies: ellipticalLenticular, cdGalaxies: evolutionGalaxies: nucleiGravitational lensing: strongAt cosmological distances, gravitational lensing can in principle provide direct mass measurements of supermassive black holes (SMBHs). Here, we directly estimate the mass of a SMBH in the brightest cluster galaxy (BCG) of MACS J1149.5+2223 at z = 0.54 using one of the multiply lensed images of a background spiral galaxy at z = 1.49 projected close to the BCG. A lensed arc is curved toward the BCG center, corresponding to an intrinsically compact region in one of the spiral arms. This arc has a radius of curvature of only ?0farcs6, betraying the presence of a local compact deflector. Its curvature is most simply reproduced by a point-like object with a mass of, similar to SMBH masses in local elliptical galaxies having comparable luminosities. The SMBH is noticeably offset by 4.4 ± 0.3 kpc from the BCG light center, which is plausibly the result of a kick imparted ?2.0 × 107 years ago during the merger of two SMBHs, placing it just beyond the stellar core. A similar curvature can be produced by replacing the offset SMBH with a compact galaxy having a mass of ?2 × 1010 M? within a cutoff radius of <4 kpc, and an unusually large to make it undetectable in the deep Hubble Frontiers Fields image, at or close to the cluster redshift. However, such a lensing galaxy perturbs the adjacent lensed images in an undesirable way.The authors would like to thank the anonymous referee for providing detailed and constructive suggestions to improve this paper. J.L. acknowledges support from the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong through grant 17319316. J.L. also acknowledges a Seed Fund for Basic Research from the University of Hong Kong. T.B. was supported by a Visiting Research Professor Scheme from the University of Hong Kong, during which major parts of this work were conducted. J.M.D. acknowledges the support of projects AYA2015-64508-P (MINECO/FEDER, UE), AYA2012-39475-C02-01, and the consolider project CSD2010-00064 funded by the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad. Y.O. is supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Taiwan, MOST 106-2112-M-001-008.Institute of Physics PublishingUniversidad de Cantabria20182018-01-01journal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501NAhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_be7fb7dd8ff6fe43info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttps://hdl.handle.net/10902/31373Astrophysical Journal, 863(2), 135reponame:UCrea Repositorio Abierto de la Universidad de Cantabriainstname:Universidad de Cantabria (UC)Inglésengopen accesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Attribution 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:repositorio.unican.es:10902/313732026-06-02T12:39:31Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv A likely Supermassive black hole revealed by its Einstein Radius in Hubble frontier fields images
title A likely Supermassive black hole revealed by its Einstein Radius in Hubble frontier fields images
spellingShingle A likely Supermassive black hole revealed by its Einstein Radius in Hubble frontier fields images
Chen, Mandy C.
Galaxies: clusters: individual (MACS J1149.5+2223)
Galaxies: elliptical
Lenticular, cd
Galaxies: evolution
Galaxies: nuclei
Gravitational lensing: strong
title_short A likely Supermassive black hole revealed by its Einstein Radius in Hubble frontier fields images
title_full A likely Supermassive black hole revealed by its Einstein Radius in Hubble frontier fields images
title_fullStr A likely Supermassive black hole revealed by its Einstein Radius in Hubble frontier fields images
title_full_unstemmed A likely Supermassive black hole revealed by its Einstein Radius in Hubble frontier fields images
title_sort A likely Supermassive black hole revealed by its Einstein Radius in Hubble frontier fields images
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Chen, Mandy C.
Broadhurst, Tom
Lim, Jeremy
Diego Rodríguez, José María|||0000-0001-9065-3926
Ohyama, Youichi
Ford, Holland
Benítez, Narciso
author Chen, Mandy C.
author_facet Chen, Mandy C.
Broadhurst, Tom
Lim, Jeremy
Diego Rodríguez, José María|||0000-0001-9065-3926
Ohyama, Youichi
Ford, Holland
Benítez, Narciso
author_role author
author2 Broadhurst, Tom
Lim, Jeremy
Diego Rodríguez, José María|||0000-0001-9065-3926
Ohyama, Youichi
Ford, Holland
Benítez, Narciso
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Universidad de Cantabria
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Galaxies: clusters: individual (MACS J1149.5+2223)
Galaxies: elliptical
Lenticular, cd
Galaxies: evolution
Galaxies: nuclei
Gravitational lensing: strong
topic Galaxies: clusters: individual (MACS J1149.5+2223)
Galaxies: elliptical
Lenticular, cd
Galaxies: evolution
Galaxies: nuclei
Gravitational lensing: strong
description At cosmological distances, gravitational lensing can in principle provide direct mass measurements of supermassive black holes (SMBHs). Here, we directly estimate the mass of a SMBH in the brightest cluster galaxy (BCG) of MACS J1149.5+2223 at z = 0.54 using one of the multiply lensed images of a background spiral galaxy at z = 1.49 projected close to the BCG. A lensed arc is curved toward the BCG center, corresponding to an intrinsically compact region in one of the spiral arms. This arc has a radius of curvature of only ?0farcs6, betraying the presence of a local compact deflector. Its curvature is most simply reproduced by a point-like object with a mass of, similar to SMBH masses in local elliptical galaxies having comparable luminosities. The SMBH is noticeably offset by 4.4 ± 0.3 kpc from the BCG light center, which is plausibly the result of a kick imparted ?2.0 × 107 years ago during the merger of two SMBHs, placing it just beyond the stellar core. A similar curvature can be produced by replacing the offset SMBH with a compact galaxy having a mass of ?2 × 1010 M? within a cutoff radius of <4 kpc, and an unusually large to make it undetectable in the deep Hubble Frontiers Fields image, at or close to the cluster redshift. However, such a lensing galaxy perturbs the adjacent lensed images in an undesirable way.
publishDate 2018
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2018
2018-01-01
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv journal article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
NA
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_be7fb7dd8ff6fe43
dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/10902/31373
url https://hdl.handle.net/10902/31373
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
eng
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
language eng
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.rights.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Institute of Physics Publishing
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Institute of Physics Publishing
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv Astrophysical Journal, 863(2), 135
reponame:UCrea Repositorio Abierto de la Universidad de Cantabria
instname:Universidad de Cantabria (UC)
instname_str Universidad de Cantabria (UC)
reponame_str UCrea Repositorio Abierto de la Universidad de Cantabria
collection UCrea Repositorio Abierto de la Universidad de Cantabria
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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score 15,300719

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