Factors inducing faecal bacteria pollution in groundwater systems

Hand-pumped tube-wells offer affordable access to shallow groundwater and provide the main groundwater extraction technology for villages in many developing countries across Africa, Asia and the Pacific (Ferguson et al., 2011). However, sanitary conditions of these water sources are mainly low. The...

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Author: Sánchez Corredera, Silvia
Format: master thesis
Publication Date:2017
Country:España
Institution:Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)
Repository:UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
Language:English
OAI Identifier:oai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/114887
Online Access:https://hdl.handle.net/2117/114887
Access Level:Open access
Keyword:Groundwater -- Pollution
Aigües subterrànies -- Contaminació
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria civil::Geologia::Hidrologia subterrània
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spelling Factors inducing faecal bacteria pollution in groundwater systemsEstudi dels factors que intervenen en la contaminació per bactèries fecals a les aigües subterràniesSánchez Corredera, SilviaGroundwater -- PollutionAigües subterrànies -- ContaminacióÀrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria civil::Geologia::Hidrologia subterràniaHand-pumped tube-wells offer affordable access to shallow groundwater and provide the main groundwater extraction technology for villages in many developing countries across Africa, Asia and the Pacific (Ferguson et al., 2011). However, sanitary conditions of these water sources are mainly low. The objective of this report is to use Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to discern the importance between several hydrogeological, hydrochemical, physical and sanitary variables in faecal bacterial pollution in a coastal area of Kenya. Two campaigns were held, March and June 2016, in which field parameters were measured in situ in every sample point as well as E. coli quantification based upon the most probable number (MPN) principle of quantification. The laboratory test results were analysed using SPSS – IMB software and excel sheets, presented in tables. The result of E. coli quantification ranges from 0 MPN/100ml to >100 MPN/100ml. Thirty-six of the eighty-seven waterpoints analysed showed no E. coli contamination in both campaigns. The rest of the waterpoints present intermediate, high or very-high risk contamination, hardly varying from one campaign to another. Two different subsets of PCAs were conducted, considering, firstly (1) all type of groundwater points (wells/boreholes) and, secondly (2) open wells and open wells with handpumps. Regarding all type of wells, E. coli, type of well, aquifer and question 8: “Are there any additional latrines within 30m. of the well?” were highly correlated. Out of these four variables, the most important one was the one between E. coli and type of well (well vs borehole), with a correlation of -0.840 vs 0.897, respectively. These results support that direct microbial contamination routes predominate, mainly supported by type of well, as in most low-income urban communities (Graham et al., 2013). Aquifer and distance from latrines are also important factors inducing faecal contamination, but less correlated than type of well. In the case of open wells and open wells with handpumps, our results varied, now being highly significant those variables related to hydrogeological conditions: water column, depth to groundwater level and eH rather than sanitary factors.Universitat Politècnica de CatalunyaFolch Sancho, AlbertSánchez Vila, Francisco Javier20172017-06-1520182018-03-07master thesishttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdccNAhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_be7fb7dd8ff6fe43info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/2117/114887reponame:UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPCinstname:Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)Inglésengopen accesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Attribution 3.0 Spainhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/1148872026-05-27T15:37:01Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Factors inducing faecal bacteria pollution in groundwater systems
Estudi dels factors que intervenen en la contaminació per bactèries fecals a les aigües subterrànies
title Factors inducing faecal bacteria pollution in groundwater systems
spellingShingle Factors inducing faecal bacteria pollution in groundwater systems
Sánchez Corredera, Silvia
Groundwater -- Pollution
Aigües subterrànies -- Contaminació
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria civil::Geologia::Hidrologia subterrània
title_short Factors inducing faecal bacteria pollution in groundwater systems
title_full Factors inducing faecal bacteria pollution in groundwater systems
title_fullStr Factors inducing faecal bacteria pollution in groundwater systems
title_full_unstemmed Factors inducing faecal bacteria pollution in groundwater systems
title_sort Factors inducing faecal bacteria pollution in groundwater systems
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Sánchez Corredera, Silvia
author Sánchez Corredera, Silvia
author_facet Sánchez Corredera, Silvia
author_role author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Folch Sancho, Albert
Sánchez Vila, Francisco Javier
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Groundwater -- Pollution
Aigües subterrànies -- Contaminació
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria civil::Geologia::Hidrologia subterrània
topic Groundwater -- Pollution
Aigües subterrànies -- Contaminació
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria civil::Geologia::Hidrologia subterrània
description Hand-pumped tube-wells offer affordable access to shallow groundwater and provide the main groundwater extraction technology for villages in many developing countries across Africa, Asia and the Pacific (Ferguson et al., 2011). However, sanitary conditions of these water sources are mainly low. The objective of this report is to use Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to discern the importance between several hydrogeological, hydrochemical, physical and sanitary variables in faecal bacterial pollution in a coastal area of Kenya. Two campaigns were held, March and June 2016, in which field parameters were measured in situ in every sample point as well as E. coli quantification based upon the most probable number (MPN) principle of quantification. The laboratory test results were analysed using SPSS – IMB software and excel sheets, presented in tables. The result of E. coli quantification ranges from 0 MPN/100ml to >100 MPN/100ml. Thirty-six of the eighty-seven waterpoints analysed showed no E. coli contamination in both campaigns. The rest of the waterpoints present intermediate, high or very-high risk contamination, hardly varying from one campaign to another. Two different subsets of PCAs were conducted, considering, firstly (1) all type of groundwater points (wells/boreholes) and, secondly (2) open wells and open wells with handpumps. Regarding all type of wells, E. coli, type of well, aquifer and question 8: “Are there any additional latrines within 30m. of the well?” were highly correlated. Out of these four variables, the most important one was the one between E. coli and type of well (well vs borehole), with a correlation of -0.840 vs 0.897, respectively. These results support that direct microbial contamination routes predominate, mainly supported by type of well, as in most low-income urban communities (Graham et al., 2013). Aquifer and distance from latrines are also important factors inducing faecal contamination, but less correlated than type of well. In the case of open wells and open wells with handpumps, our results varied, now being highly significant those variables related to hydrogeological conditions: water column, depth to groundwater level and eH rather than sanitary factors.
publishDate 2017
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2017
2017-06-15
2018
2018-03-07
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv master thesis
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc
NA
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_be7fb7dd8ff6fe43
dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
format masterThesis
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/2117/114887
url https://hdl.handle.net/2117/114887
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
eng
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
language eng
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Attribution 3.0 Spain
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/
dc.rights.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Attribution 3.0 Spain
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
instname:Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)
instname_str Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)
reponame_str UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
collection UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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