Millimeter emission from supermassive black hole coronae

20 pages, 16 figures, 8 tables

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Palacio, S. del, Yang, C., Aalto, S., Ricci, C., Lankhaar, B., König, S., Becker Tjus, J., Magno, M., Smith, K. L., Yang, J., Barcos-Muñoz, L., Combes, F., Linden, S., Henkel, C., Mangum, J. G., Martin, S., Olander, G., Privon, G., Wethers, C., Baczko, A. -K., Beswick, R. J., García-Bernete, I., García-Burillo, Santiago, González-Alfonso, E., Gorski, M., Imanishi, M., Izumi, T., Muller, S., Nishimura, Y., Pereira-Santaella, Miguel, van der Werf, P. P.
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/411227
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/411227
http://arxiv.org/abs/2504.07762v2
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Galaxies: nuclei
Radiation mechanisms: non-thermal
Radio continuum: galaxies
Submillimeter: galaxies
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oai_identifier_str oai:digital.csic.es:10261/411227
network_acronym_str ES
network_name_str España
repository_id_str
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Millimeter emission from supermassive black hole coronae
title Millimeter emission from supermassive black hole coronae
spellingShingle Millimeter emission from supermassive black hole coronae
Palacio, S. del
Galaxies: nuclei
Radiation mechanisms: non-thermal
Radio continuum: galaxies
Submillimeter: galaxies
title_short Millimeter emission from supermassive black hole coronae
title_full Millimeter emission from supermassive black hole coronae
title_fullStr Millimeter emission from supermassive black hole coronae
title_full_unstemmed Millimeter emission from supermassive black hole coronae
title_sort Millimeter emission from supermassive black hole coronae
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Palacio, S. del
Yang, C.
Aalto, S.
Ricci, C.
Lankhaar, B.
König, S.
Becker Tjus, J.
Magno, M.
Smith, K. L.
Yang, J.
Barcos-Muñoz, L.
Combes, F.
Linden, S.
Henkel, C.
Mangum, J. G.
Martin, S.
Olander, G.
Privon, G.
Wethers, C.
Baczko, A. -K.
Beswick, R. J.
García-Bernete, I.
García-Burillo, Santiago
González-Alfonso, E.
Gorski, M.
Imanishi, M.
Izumi, T.
Muller, S.
Nishimura, Y.
Pereira-Santaella, Miguel
van der Werf, P. P.
author Palacio, S. del
author_facet Palacio, S. del
Yang, C.
Aalto, S.
Ricci, C.
Lankhaar, B.
König, S.
Becker Tjus, J.
Magno, M.
Smith, K. L.
Yang, J.
Barcos-Muñoz, L.
Combes, F.
Linden, S.
Henkel, C.
Mangum, J. G.
Martin, S.
Olander, G.
Privon, G.
Wethers, C.
Baczko, A. -K.
Beswick, R. J.
García-Bernete, I.
García-Burillo, Santiago
González-Alfonso, E.
Gorski, M.
Imanishi, M.
Izumi, T.
Muller, S.
Nishimura, Y.
Pereira-Santaella, Miguel
van der Werf, P. P.
author_role author
author2 Yang, C.
Aalto, S.
Ricci, C.
Lankhaar, B.
König, S.
Becker Tjus, J.
Magno, M.
Smith, K. L.
Yang, J.
Barcos-Muñoz, L.
Combes, F.
Linden, S.
Henkel, C.
Mangum, J. G.
Martin, S.
Olander, G.
Privon, G.
Wethers, C.
Baczko, A. -K.
Beswick, R. J.
García-Bernete, I.
García-Burillo, Santiago
González-Alfonso, E.
Gorski, M.
Imanishi, M.
Izumi, T.
Muller, S.
Nishimura, Y.
Pereira-Santaella, Miguel
van der Werf, P. P.
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv European Commission
Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España)
German Research Foundation
Comunidad de Madrid
Canada Foundation for Innovation
National Research Council of Canada
National Radio Astronomy Observatory (US)
Palacio, S. del [0000-0002-5761-2417]
Yang, C. [0000-0002-2322-5232]
Aalto, S. [0000-0002-5828-7660]
Ricci, C. [0000-0001-5231-2645]
#NODATA#
König, S. [0000-0001-6174-8467]
Becker Tjus, J. [0000-0002-1748-7367]
Magno, M. [0000-0002-1292-1451]
Smith, K. L. [0000-0001-5785-7038]
Yang, J. [0000-0002-2322-5232]
Barcos-Muñoz, L. [0000-0003-0057-8892]
Combes, F. [0000-0003-2658-7893]
Linden, S. [0000-0002-1000-6081]
Henkel, C. [0000-0002-7495-4005]
Mangum, J. G. [0000-0003-1183-9293]
Martin, S. [0000-0001-9281-2919]
Olander, G. [0000-0003-4830-9069]
Privon, G. [0000-0003-3474-1125]
Wethers, C. [0000-0002-7135-2842]
Baczko, A. -K. [0000-0003-3090-3975]
Beswick, R. J. [0000-0002-5544-2354]
García-Bernete, I. [0000-0002-9627-5281]
García-Burillo, S. [0000-0003-0444-6897]
González-Alfonso, E. [0000-0001-5285-8517]
Gorski, M. [0000-0001-9300-354X]
Imanishi, M. [0000-0001-6186-8792]
Izumi, T. [0000-0001-9452-0813]
Muller, S. [0000-0002-9931-1313]
Nishimura, Y. [0000-0003-0563-067X]
Pereira-Santaella, Miguel [0000-0002-4005-9619]
van der Werf, P. P. [0000-0001-5434-5942]
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Galaxies: nuclei
Radiation mechanisms: non-thermal
Radio continuum: galaxies
Submillimeter: galaxies
topic Galaxies: nuclei
Radiation mechanisms: non-thermal
Radio continuum: galaxies
Submillimeter: galaxies
description 20 pages, 16 figures, 8 tables
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025
2025
2025
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
Publisher's version
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/411227
http://arxiv.org/abs/2504.07762v2
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/411227
http://arxiv.org/abs/2504.07762v2
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv #PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/789410
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI//PID2022-138560NB-I00
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI//RYC2021-033094-I
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI//CNS2023-145506
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI//PID2023-146667NB-I00
https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202554936

dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv EDP Sciences
publisher.none.fl_str_mv EDP Sciences
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
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spelling Millimeter emission from supermassive black hole coronaePalacio, S. delYang, C.Aalto, S.Ricci, C.Lankhaar, B.König, S.Becker Tjus, J.Magno, M.Smith, K. L.Yang, J.Barcos-Muñoz, L.Combes, F.Linden, S.Henkel, C.Mangum, J. G.Martin, S.Olander, G.Privon, G.Wethers, C.Baczko, A. -K.Beswick, R. J.García-Bernete, I.García-Burillo, SantiagoGonzález-Alfonso, E.Gorski, M.Imanishi, M.Izumi, T.Muller, S.Nishimura, Y.Pereira-Santaella, Miguelvan der Werf, P. P.Galaxies: nucleiRadiation mechanisms: non-thermalRadio continuum: galaxiesSubmillimeter: galaxies20 pages, 16 figures, 8 tablesActive Galactic Nuclei (AGN) host accreting supermassive black holes (SMBHs). The accretion can lead to the formation of a hot, X-ray emitting corona close to the SMBH capable of accelerating relativistic electrons. Observations in the millimetre (mm) band can probe its synchrotron emission. We provide a framework to derive physical information of SMBH coronae by modelling their spectral energy distribution (SED) from radio to far infrared frequencies. We also explore the possibilities of deriving additional information from mm observations, such as the SMBH mass, and studying high-redshift lensed sources. We introduce a corona emission model based on a one-zone spherical region with a hybrid thermal and non-thermal plasma. We investigate in detail how the corona SED depends on different parameters such as size, opacity, and magnetic field strength. Other galactic emission components from dust, ionised gas and diffuse relativistic electrons are also included in the SED fitting scheme. We apply our code consistently to a sample of radio-quiet AGN with strong indications of a coronal component in the mm. The detected mm emission from SMBH coronae is consistent with having a non-thermal relativistic particle population with an energy density that is ~0.5-10% of that in the thermal plasma. This requires magnetic energy densities close to equipartition with the thermal gas, and corona sizes of 60-250 gravitational radii. The model can also reproduce the observed correlation between mm emission and SMBH mass when accounting for uncertainties in the corona size. The mm band offers a unique window into the physics of SMBH coronae, enabling the study of highly dust-obscured sources and high-redshift lensed quasars. Gaining a deeper understanding of the relativistic particle population in SMBH coronae can provide key insights into their potential multiwavelength and neutrino emission.SdP, CY, SA and SK gratefully acknowledge funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No 789410, PI: S. Aalto). SGB acknowledges support from the Spanish grant PID2022-138560NB-I00, funded by MCIN AEI/10.13039/501100011033/FEDER, EU. MPS acknowledges support under grants RYC2021-033094-I, CNS2023-145506 and PID2023-146667NB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and the European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR. JBT acknowledges support from the DFG, via the Collaborative Research Center SFB1491 “Cosmic Interacting Mattersfrom Source to Signal” (project no. 445052434). IGB is supported by the Programa Atracción de Talento Investigador “César Nombela” via grant 2023-T1/TEC-29030 funded by the Community of Madrid. This paper makes use of the following ALMA data: ADS/JAO.ALMA#2017.1.00236.S, ADS/JAO.ALMA#2019.1.00618.S, ADS/JAO.ALMA#2019.1.01230.S, ADS/JAO.ALMA#2015.1.01047.S, ADS/JAO.ALMA#2023.1.00121.S, ADS/JAO.ALMA#2021.1.00812.S. ALMA is a partnership of ESO (representing its member states), NSF (USA) and NINS (Japan), together with NRC (Canada), NSTC and ASIAA (Taiwan), and KASI (Republic of Korea), in cooperation with the Republic of Chile. The Joint ALMA Observatory is operated by ESO, AUI/NRAO and NAOJ. This research has made use of the CIRADA cutout service at cutouts.cirada.ca, operated by the Canadian Initiative for Radio Astronomy Data Analysis (CIRADA). CIRADA is funded by a grant from the Canada Foundation for Innovation 2017 Innovation Fund (Project 35999), as well as by the Provinces of Ontario, British Columbia, Alberta, Manitoba and Quebec, in collaboration with the National Research Council of Canada, the US National Radio Astronomy Observatory and Australia’s Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation.Peer reviewedEDP SciencesEuropean CommissionMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovación (España)German Research FoundationComunidad de MadridCanada Foundation for InnovationNational Research Council of CanadaNational Radio Astronomy Observatory (US)Palacio, S. del [0000-0002-5761-2417]Yang, C. [0000-0002-2322-5232]Aalto, S. [0000-0002-5828-7660]Ricci, C. [0000-0001-5231-2645]#NODATA#König, S. [0000-0001-6174-8467]Becker Tjus, J. [0000-0002-1748-7367]Magno, M. [0000-0002-1292-1451]Smith, K. L. [0000-0001-5785-7038]Yang, J. [0000-0002-2322-5232]Barcos-Muñoz, L. [0000-0003-0057-8892]Combes, F. [0000-0003-2658-7893]Linden, S. [0000-0002-1000-6081]Henkel, C. [0000-0002-7495-4005]Mangum, J. G. [0000-0003-1183-9293]Martin, S. [0000-0001-9281-2919]Olander, G. [0000-0003-4830-9069]Privon, G. [0000-0003-3474-1125]Wethers, C. [0000-0002-7135-2842]Baczko, A. -K. [0000-0003-3090-3975]Beswick, R. J. [0000-0002-5544-2354]García-Bernete, I. [0000-0002-9627-5281]García-Burillo, S. [0000-0003-0444-6897]González-Alfonso, E. [0000-0001-5285-8517]Gorski, M. [0000-0001-9300-354X]Imanishi, M. [0000-0001-6186-8792]Izumi, T. [0000-0001-9452-0813]Muller, S. [0000-0002-9931-1313]Nishimura, Y. [0000-0003-0563-067X]Pereira-Santaella, Miguel [0000-0002-4005-9619]van der Werf, P. P. 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