Reorganization of brain networks in aging: a review of functional connectivity studies

Healthy aging (HA) is associated with certain declines in cognitive functions, even in individuals that are free of any process of degenerative illness. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been widely used in order to link this age-related cognitive decline with patterns of altered brai...

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Autores: Sala Llonch, Roser, Bartrés Faz, David, Junqué i Plaja, Carme, 1955-
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2015
País:España
Institución:Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)
Repositorio:Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya
OAI Identifier:oai:recercat.cat:2445/105667
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/2445/105667
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Envelliment
Memòria
Envelliment cerebral
Aging
Memory
Aging brain
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spelling Reorganization of brain networks in aging: a review of functional connectivity studiesSala Llonch, RoserBartrés Faz, DavidJunqué i Plaja, Carme, 1955-EnvellimentMemòriaEnvelliment cerebralAgingMemoryAging brainHealthy aging (HA) is associated with certain declines in cognitive functions, even in individuals that are free of any process of degenerative illness. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been widely used in order to link this age-related cognitive decline with patterns of altered brain function. A consistent finding in the fMRI literature is that healthy old adults present higher activity levels in some brain regions during the performance of cognitive tasks. This finding is usually interpreted as a compensatory mechanism. More recent approaches have focused on the study of functional connectivity, mainly derived from resting state fMRI, and have concluded that the higher levels of activity coexist with disrupted connectivity. In this review, we aim to provide a state-of-the-art description of the usefulness and the interpretations of functional brain connectivity in the context of HA. We first give a background that includes some basic aspects and methodological issues regarding functional connectivity. We summarize the main findings and the cognitive models that have been derived from task-activity studies, and we then review the findings provided by resting-state functional connectivity in HA. Finally, we suggest some future directions in this field of research. A common finding of the studies included is that older subjects present reduced functional connectivity compared to young adults. This reduced connectivity affects the main brain networks and explains age-related cognitive alterations. Remarkably, the default mode network appears as a highly compromised system in HA. Overall, the scenario given by both activity and connectivity studies also suggests that the trajectory of changes during task may differ from those observed during resting-state. We propose that the use of complex modeling approaches studying effective connectivity may help to understand context-dependent functional reorganizations in the aging process.Frontiers Media2017201720152017info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion11 p.application/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/2445/105667Articles publicats en revistes (Medicina)reponame:Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunyainstname:Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)InglésReproducció del document publicat a: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00663Frontiers in Psychology, 2015, vol. 6, num. 663https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00663cc-by (c) Sala Llonch, Roser et al., 2015http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/esinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:recercat.cat:2445/1056672026-05-29T05:05:01Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Reorganization of brain networks in aging: a review of functional connectivity studies
title Reorganization of brain networks in aging: a review of functional connectivity studies
spellingShingle Reorganization of brain networks in aging: a review of functional connectivity studies
Sala Llonch, Roser
Envelliment
Memòria
Envelliment cerebral
Aging
Memory
Aging brain
title_short Reorganization of brain networks in aging: a review of functional connectivity studies
title_full Reorganization of brain networks in aging: a review of functional connectivity studies
title_fullStr Reorganization of brain networks in aging: a review of functional connectivity studies
title_full_unstemmed Reorganization of brain networks in aging: a review of functional connectivity studies
title_sort Reorganization of brain networks in aging: a review of functional connectivity studies
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Sala Llonch, Roser
Bartrés Faz, David
Junqué i Plaja, Carme, 1955-
author Sala Llonch, Roser
author_facet Sala Llonch, Roser
Bartrés Faz, David
Junqué i Plaja, Carme, 1955-
author_role author
author2 Bartrés Faz, David
Junqué i Plaja, Carme, 1955-
author2_role author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Envelliment
Memòria
Envelliment cerebral
Aging
Memory
Aging brain
topic Envelliment
Memòria
Envelliment cerebral
Aging
Memory
Aging brain
description Healthy aging (HA) is associated with certain declines in cognitive functions, even in individuals that are free of any process of degenerative illness. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been widely used in order to link this age-related cognitive decline with patterns of altered brain function. A consistent finding in the fMRI literature is that healthy old adults present higher activity levels in some brain regions during the performance of cognitive tasks. This finding is usually interpreted as a compensatory mechanism. More recent approaches have focused on the study of functional connectivity, mainly derived from resting state fMRI, and have concluded that the higher levels of activity coexist with disrupted connectivity. In this review, we aim to provide a state-of-the-art description of the usefulness and the interpretations of functional brain connectivity in the context of HA. We first give a background that includes some basic aspects and methodological issues regarding functional connectivity. We summarize the main findings and the cognitive models that have been derived from task-activity studies, and we then review the findings provided by resting-state functional connectivity in HA. Finally, we suggest some future directions in this field of research. A common finding of the studies included is that older subjects present reduced functional connectivity compared to young adults. This reduced connectivity affects the main brain networks and explains age-related cognitive alterations. Remarkably, the default mode network appears as a highly compromised system in HA. Overall, the scenario given by both activity and connectivity studies also suggests that the trajectory of changes during task may differ from those observed during resting-state. We propose that the use of complex modeling approaches studying effective connectivity may help to understand context-dependent functional reorganizations in the aging process.
publishDate 2015
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2015
2017
2017
2017
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/2445/105667
url https://hdl.handle.net/2445/105667
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv Reproducció del document publicat a: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00663
Frontiers in Psychology, 2015, vol. 6, num. 663
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00663
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv cc-by (c) Sala Llonch, Roser et al., 2015
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv cc-by (c) Sala Llonch, Roser et al., 2015
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv 11 p.
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Frontiers Media
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Frontiers Media
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv Articles publicats en revistes (Medicina)
reponame:Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya
instname:Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)
instname_str Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)
reponame_str Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya
collection Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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