Phytotherapeutic potential of Lamiaceae essential oils and their monoterpenes against Giardia duodenalis.

Lamiaceae and Asteraceae plant species have been widely used in Mediterranean ethnomedicine for gastrointestinal disorders. They are also known for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-parasite, and anti-virus properties. Giardia duodenalis is the most prevalent intestinal prot...

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Autores: Marcos-Herraiz, Sara, Alonso Fernández, Sara, Irisarri, María José, Arroyo Díaz, Jaime, Ponce-Gordo, Francisco, González-Coloma, Azucena, Navarro-Rocha, Juliana, Azami-Conesa, Iris, Gómez-Muñoz, María Teresa, Bailén, María
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2026
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:dnet:digitalcsic_::e487b0c6e52e9bcdcab5d818b3cf0b22
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/429765
https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/105028440867
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Giardia
Gamma-terpinene
Lavandula
Mentha
Thymus
Satureja
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spelling Phytotherapeutic potential of Lamiaceae essential oils and their monoterpenes against Giardia duodenalis.Marcos-Herraiz, SaraAlonso Fernández, SaraIrisarri, María JoséArroyo Díaz, JaimePonce-Gordo, FranciscoGonzález-Coloma, AzucenaNavarro-Rocha, JulianaAzami-Conesa, IrisGómez-Muñoz, María TeresaBailén, MaríaGiardiaGamma-terpineneLavandulaMenthaThymusSaturejaLamiaceae and Asteraceae plant species have been widely used in Mediterranean ethnomedicine for gastrointestinal disorders. They are also known for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-parasite, and anti-virus properties. Giardia duodenalis is the most prevalent intestinal protozoon in children and young dogs worldwide. Its zoonotic potential and frequent therapeutic failures with nitroimidazoles underscore the urgent need for alternative treatments. This study investigated the antigiardial activity of essential oils (EOs) from 22 medicinal plants belonging to Lamiaceae and Asteraceae, together with their major constituents. EO composition was determined by a metabolomic approach (GC-MS). Parasite metabolic activity was assessed using the MTT assay, and ultrastructural changes were examined by Transmission Electron Microscopy. The strongest antigiardial effects were observed with Lavandula luisieri, Thymus vulgaris, Mentha suaveolens, Satureja montana (IC50 <25), L. lanata, and T. zygis, (IC50= 27.9–71.5 µg/ml). The highest selective indexes were obtained with γ-terpinene, caryophyllene oxide, carvacrol and thymol (SI≥1.3–2.4). Synergistic interactions were detected with linalyl acetate and linalool (present in Lavandula EOs), linalyl acetate with ρ-cymene or thymol, or combinations of ρ-cymene, γ-terpinene, thymol, and carvacrol (present in Satureja EOs). Transmission Electron Microscopy revealed membranolysis, enlarged periplasmic vacuoles, and cytoplasmic loss in trophozoites exposed to γ-terpinene after 1 h. These findings provide phytotherapeutic evidence supporting essential oils from Lavandula, Mentha, Thymus, and Satureja as promising antigiardial agents. Their main components γ-terpinene, caryophyllene oxide, carvacrol and thymol could have potential applications in veterinary parasitology.This work was supported by the Spanish ministry of science, innovation and universities (Grant number PID2020–114207RB-I00, Grant number PID2019–106222RB-C31/SRA, 10.13039/501100011033).Peer reviewedElsevierAgencia Estatal de Investigación (España)Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)Ponce-Gordo, Francisco [0000-0001-9034-8606]González-Coloma, Azucena [0000-0001-5124-664X]Azami-Conesa, Iris [0000-0003-1074-0347]Gómez-Muñoz, María Teresa [0000-0001-8104-845X]Bailén, María [0000-0001-5201-906X]Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]202620262026info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/429765https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/105028440867reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Inglés#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/PID2020-114207RB-I00info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/PID2019-106222RB-C31The underlying dataset has been published as supplementary material of the article in the publisher platform at DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2026.110702https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2026.110702Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:dnet:digitalcsic_::e487b0c6e52e9bcdcab5d818b3cf0b222026-05-22T06:33:51Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Phytotherapeutic potential of Lamiaceae essential oils and their monoterpenes against Giardia duodenalis.
title Phytotherapeutic potential of Lamiaceae essential oils and their monoterpenes against Giardia duodenalis.
spellingShingle Phytotherapeutic potential of Lamiaceae essential oils and their monoterpenes against Giardia duodenalis.
Marcos-Herraiz, Sara
Giardia
Gamma-terpinene
Lavandula
Mentha
Thymus
Satureja
title_short Phytotherapeutic potential of Lamiaceae essential oils and their monoterpenes against Giardia duodenalis.
title_full Phytotherapeutic potential of Lamiaceae essential oils and their monoterpenes against Giardia duodenalis.
title_fullStr Phytotherapeutic potential of Lamiaceae essential oils and their monoterpenes against Giardia duodenalis.
title_full_unstemmed Phytotherapeutic potential of Lamiaceae essential oils and their monoterpenes against Giardia duodenalis.
title_sort Phytotherapeutic potential of Lamiaceae essential oils and their monoterpenes against Giardia duodenalis.
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Marcos-Herraiz, Sara
Alonso Fernández, Sara
Irisarri, María José
Arroyo Díaz, Jaime
Ponce-Gordo, Francisco
González-Coloma, Azucena
Navarro-Rocha, Juliana
Azami-Conesa, Iris
Gómez-Muñoz, María Teresa
Bailén, María
author Marcos-Herraiz, Sara
author_facet Marcos-Herraiz, Sara
Alonso Fernández, Sara
Irisarri, María José
Arroyo Díaz, Jaime
Ponce-Gordo, Francisco
González-Coloma, Azucena
Navarro-Rocha, Juliana
Azami-Conesa, Iris
Gómez-Muñoz, María Teresa
Bailén, María
author_role author
author2 Alonso Fernández, Sara
Irisarri, María José
Arroyo Díaz, Jaime
Ponce-Gordo, Francisco
González-Coloma, Azucena
Navarro-Rocha, Juliana
Azami-Conesa, Iris
Gómez-Muñoz, María Teresa
Bailén, María
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España)
Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)
Ponce-Gordo, Francisco [0000-0001-9034-8606]
González-Coloma, Azucena [0000-0001-5124-664X]
Azami-Conesa, Iris [0000-0003-1074-0347]
Gómez-Muñoz, María Teresa [0000-0001-8104-845X]
Bailén, María [0000-0001-5201-906X]
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Giardia
Gamma-terpinene
Lavandula
Mentha
Thymus
Satureja
topic Giardia
Gamma-terpinene
Lavandula
Mentha
Thymus
Satureja
description Lamiaceae and Asteraceae plant species have been widely used in Mediterranean ethnomedicine for gastrointestinal disorders. They are also known for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-parasite, and anti-virus properties. Giardia duodenalis is the most prevalent intestinal protozoon in children and young dogs worldwide. Its zoonotic potential and frequent therapeutic failures with nitroimidazoles underscore the urgent need for alternative treatments. This study investigated the antigiardial activity of essential oils (EOs) from 22 medicinal plants belonging to Lamiaceae and Asteraceae, together with their major constituents. EO composition was determined by a metabolomic approach (GC-MS). Parasite metabolic activity was assessed using the MTT assay, and ultrastructural changes were examined by Transmission Electron Microscopy. The strongest antigiardial effects were observed with Lavandula luisieri, Thymus vulgaris, Mentha suaveolens, Satureja montana (IC50 <25), L. lanata, and T. zygis, (IC50= 27.9–71.5 µg/ml). The highest selective indexes were obtained with γ-terpinene, caryophyllene oxide, carvacrol and thymol (SI≥1.3–2.4). Synergistic interactions were detected with linalyl acetate and linalool (present in Lavandula EOs), linalyl acetate with ρ-cymene or thymol, or combinations of ρ-cymene, γ-terpinene, thymol, and carvacrol (present in Satureja EOs). Transmission Electron Microscopy revealed membranolysis, enlarged periplasmic vacuoles, and cytoplasmic loss in trophozoites exposed to γ-terpinene after 1 h. These findings provide phytotherapeutic evidence supporting essential oils from Lavandula, Mentha, Thymus, and Satureja as promising antigiardial agents. Their main components γ-terpinene, caryophyllene oxide, carvacrol and thymol could have potential applications in veterinary parasitology.
publishDate 2026
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2026
2026
2026
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
Publisher's version
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/429765
https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/105028440867
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/429765
https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/105028440867
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv #PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
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info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/PID2020-114207RB-I00
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/PID2019-106222RB-C31
The underlying dataset has been published as supplementary material of the article in the publisher platform at DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2026.110702
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2026.110702
Sí
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
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dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
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collection DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
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