COVID-19 face masks: A new source of human and environmental exposure to organophosphate esters

For the first time, organophosphate ester (OPE) content was studied in different types of surgical, self-filtering (KN95, FFP2, and FFP3) and reusable face masks used for COVID-19 prevention. OPEs were detected in all mask samples, although in highly variable amounts which ranged from 0.02 to a maxi...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Fernández-Arribas, Julio, Moreno, Teresa, Bartrolí, Rafael, Eljarrat, Ethel
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2021
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/241284
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/241284
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2
Human exposure
Inhalation
Organophosphate esters
Plasticizers
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spelling COVID-19 face masks: A new source of human and environmental exposure to organophosphate estersFernández-Arribas, JulioMoreno, TeresaBartrolí, RafaelEljarrat, EthelCOVID-19SARS-CoV-2Human exposureInhalationOrganophosphate estersPlasticizersFor the first time, organophosphate ester (OPE) content was studied in different types of surgical, self-filtering (KN95, FFP2, and FFP3) and reusable face masks used for COVID-19 prevention. OPEs were detected in all mask samples, although in highly variable amounts which ranged from 0.02 to a maximum of 27.7 µg/mask, with the highest mean concentrations obtained for KN95 masks (11.6 µg/mask) and the lowest for surgical masks (0.24 µg/mask). Twelve out of 16 tested analytes were detected, with TEP, TPHP, TNBP, TEHP and TClPP being the most common OPEs as well as present at the highest concentrations. The non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of OPE inhalation were calculated as being always several orders of magnitude lower than threshold levels, indicating that the use of face masks is safe with regard to OPE contamination. However, given the wide range of OPEs observed in different masks, it can be concluded that some masks (e.g. reusable) are less OPE-contaminated than others (e.g. KN95). With regard to environmental pollution, the disposal of billions of face masks is adding to the already substantial levels of microplastics and associated toxic additives worldwide, an impact that is lessened by use of reusable masks, which also have the lowest economic cost per user. However, in situations of relatively high risk of viral inhalation, such as poorly ventilated indoor public spaces, we recommend the use of FFP2 masks.This study was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Project EXPOPLAS, PID2019-110576RB-I00) and the Generalitat de Catalunya (Consolidated Research Group Water and Soil Quality Unit 2017 SGR 1404 and Atmospheric Geochemistry SGR41). IDAEA-CSIC is a Centre of Excellence Severo Ochoa (Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, Project CEX2018-000794-S).Peer reviewedElsevierMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovación (España)Moreno, Teresa [0000-0003-3235-1027]Eljarrat, Ethel [0000-0002-0814-6579]Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]202120212021info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/241284reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Inglés#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/CEX2018-000794-Sinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/PID2019-110576RB-I00https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2021.106654Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/2412842026-05-22T06:33:51Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv COVID-19 face masks: A new source of human and environmental exposure to organophosphate esters
title COVID-19 face masks: A new source of human and environmental exposure to organophosphate esters
spellingShingle COVID-19 face masks: A new source of human and environmental exposure to organophosphate esters
Fernández-Arribas, Julio
COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2
Human exposure
Inhalation
Organophosphate esters
Plasticizers
title_short COVID-19 face masks: A new source of human and environmental exposure to organophosphate esters
title_full COVID-19 face masks: A new source of human and environmental exposure to organophosphate esters
title_fullStr COVID-19 face masks: A new source of human and environmental exposure to organophosphate esters
title_full_unstemmed COVID-19 face masks: A new source of human and environmental exposure to organophosphate esters
title_sort COVID-19 face masks: A new source of human and environmental exposure to organophosphate esters
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Fernández-Arribas, Julio
Moreno, Teresa
Bartrolí, Rafael
Eljarrat, Ethel
author Fernández-Arribas, Julio
author_facet Fernández-Arribas, Julio
Moreno, Teresa
Bartrolí, Rafael
Eljarrat, Ethel
author_role author
author2 Moreno, Teresa
Bartrolí, Rafael
Eljarrat, Ethel
author2_role author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España)
Moreno, Teresa [0000-0003-3235-1027]
Eljarrat, Ethel [0000-0002-0814-6579]
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2
Human exposure
Inhalation
Organophosphate esters
Plasticizers
topic COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2
Human exposure
Inhalation
Organophosphate esters
Plasticizers
description For the first time, organophosphate ester (OPE) content was studied in different types of surgical, self-filtering (KN95, FFP2, and FFP3) and reusable face masks used for COVID-19 prevention. OPEs were detected in all mask samples, although in highly variable amounts which ranged from 0.02 to a maximum of 27.7 µg/mask, with the highest mean concentrations obtained for KN95 masks (11.6 µg/mask) and the lowest for surgical masks (0.24 µg/mask). Twelve out of 16 tested analytes were detected, with TEP, TPHP, TNBP, TEHP and TClPP being the most common OPEs as well as present at the highest concentrations. The non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of OPE inhalation were calculated as being always several orders of magnitude lower than threshold levels, indicating that the use of face masks is safe with regard to OPE contamination. However, given the wide range of OPEs observed in different masks, it can be concluded that some masks (e.g. reusable) are less OPE-contaminated than others (e.g. KN95). With regard to environmental pollution, the disposal of billions of face masks is adding to the already substantial levels of microplastics and associated toxic additives worldwide, an impact that is lessened by use of reusable masks, which also have the lowest economic cost per user. However, in situations of relatively high risk of viral inhalation, such as poorly ventilated indoor public spaces, we recommend the use of FFP2 masks.
publishDate 2021
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2021
2021
2021
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
Publisher's version
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/241284
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/241284
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv #PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/CEX2018-000794-S
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/PID2019-110576RB-I00
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2021.106654
Sí
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
collection DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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