Long-lasting insecticidal nets no longer effectively kill the highly resistant Anopheles funestus of southern Mozambique

BACKGROUND: Chemical insecticides are crucial to malaria control and elimination programmes. The frontline vector control interventions depend mainly on pyrethroids; all long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and more than 80% of indoor residual spraying (IRS) campaigns use chemicals from this class...

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Autores: Glunt, Katey D., Abilio, Ana Paula, Bassat Orellana, Quique, Bulo, Helder, Gilbert, Allison E., Huijben, Silvie, Manaca, Maria Nélia, Macete, Eusebio Víctor, Alonso, Pedro, Paaijmans, Krijn P.
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2015
País:España
Institución:Universidad de Barcelona
Repositorio:Dipòsit Digital de la UB
OAI Identifier:oai:diposit.ub.edu:2445/69195
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/2445/69195
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Anopheles
Malària
Insecticides
Medicina preventiva
Malaria
Preventive medicine
Mozambique
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spelling Long-lasting insecticidal nets no longer effectively kill the highly resistant Anopheles funestus of southern MozambiqueGlunt, Katey D.Abilio, Ana PaulaBassat Orellana, QuiqueBulo, HelderGilbert, Allison E.Huijben, SilvieManaca, Maria NéliaMacete, Eusebio VíctorAlonso, PedroPaaijmans, Krijn P.AnophelesMalàriaInsecticidesMedicina preventivaAnophelesMalariaInsecticidesPreventive medicineMozambiqueBACKGROUND: Chemical insecticides are crucial to malaria control and elimination programmes. The frontline vector control interventions depend mainly on pyrethroids; all long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and more than 80% of indoor residual spraying (IRS) campaigns use chemicals from this class. This extensive use of pyrethroids imposes a strong selection pressure for resistance in mosquito populations, and so continuous resistance monitoring and evaluation are important. As pyrethroids have also been used for many years in the Manhica District, an area in southern Mozambique with perennial malaria transmission, an assessment of their efficacy against the local malaria vectors was conducted. METHODS: Female offspring of wild-caught Anopheles funestus s.s. females were exposed to deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin and permethrin using the World Health Organization (WHO) insecticide-resistance monitoring protocols. The 3-min WHO cone bioassay was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the bed nets distributed or available for purchase in the area (Olyset, permethrin LLIN; PermaNet 2.0, deltamethrin LLIN) against An. funestus. Mosquitoes were also exposed to PermaNet 2.0 for up to 8 h in time-exposure assays. RESULTS: Resistance to pyrethroids in An. funestus s.s. was extremely high, much higher than reported in 2002 and 2009. No exposure killed more than 25.8% of the mosquitoes tested (average mortality, deltamethrin: 6.4%; lambda-cyhalothrin: 5.1%; permethrin: 19.1%). There was no significant difference in the mortality generated by 3-min exposure to any net (Olyset: 9.3% mortality, PermaNet 2.0: 6.0%, untreated: 2.0%; p = 0.2). Six hours of exposure were required to kill 50% of the An. funestus s.s. on PermaNet 2.0. CONCLUSIONS: Anopheles funestus s.s. in Manhica is extremely resistant to pyrethroids, and this area is clearly a pyrethroid-resistance hotspot. This could severely undermine vector control in this district if no appropriate countermeasures are undertaken. The National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP) of Mozambique is currently improving its resistance monitoring programme, to design and scale up new management strategies. These actions are urgently needed, as the goal of the NMCP and its partners is to reach elimination in southern Mozambique by 2020.BioMed Central2015info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/2445/69195Articles publicats en revistes (ISGlobal)reponame:Dipòsit Digital de la UBinstname:Universidad de BarcelonaInglésReproducció del document publicat a: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12936-015-0807-zMalaria Journal, 2015, vol. 14, num. 298, 7 p.http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12936-015-0807-zcc by (c) Glunt et al., 2015http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:diposit.ub.edu:2445/691952026-05-27T06:46:51Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Long-lasting insecticidal nets no longer effectively kill the highly resistant Anopheles funestus of southern Mozambique
title Long-lasting insecticidal nets no longer effectively kill the highly resistant Anopheles funestus of southern Mozambique
spellingShingle Long-lasting insecticidal nets no longer effectively kill the highly resistant Anopheles funestus of southern Mozambique
Glunt, Katey D.
Anopheles
Malària
Insecticides
Medicina preventiva
Anopheles
Malaria
Insecticides
Preventive medicine
Mozambique
title_short Long-lasting insecticidal nets no longer effectively kill the highly resistant Anopheles funestus of southern Mozambique
title_full Long-lasting insecticidal nets no longer effectively kill the highly resistant Anopheles funestus of southern Mozambique
title_fullStr Long-lasting insecticidal nets no longer effectively kill the highly resistant Anopheles funestus of southern Mozambique
title_full_unstemmed Long-lasting insecticidal nets no longer effectively kill the highly resistant Anopheles funestus of southern Mozambique
title_sort Long-lasting insecticidal nets no longer effectively kill the highly resistant Anopheles funestus of southern Mozambique
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Glunt, Katey D.
Abilio, Ana Paula
Bassat Orellana, Quique
Bulo, Helder
Gilbert, Allison E.
Huijben, Silvie
Manaca, Maria Nélia
Macete, Eusebio Víctor
Alonso, Pedro
Paaijmans, Krijn P.
author Glunt, Katey D.
author_facet Glunt, Katey D.
Abilio, Ana Paula
Bassat Orellana, Quique
Bulo, Helder
Gilbert, Allison E.
Huijben, Silvie
Manaca, Maria Nélia
Macete, Eusebio Víctor
Alonso, Pedro
Paaijmans, Krijn P.
author_role author
author2 Abilio, Ana Paula
Bassat Orellana, Quique
Bulo, Helder
Gilbert, Allison E.
Huijben, Silvie
Manaca, Maria Nélia
Macete, Eusebio Víctor
Alonso, Pedro
Paaijmans, Krijn P.
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Anopheles
Malària
Insecticides
Medicina preventiva
Anopheles
Malaria
Insecticides
Preventive medicine
Mozambique
topic Anopheles
Malària
Insecticides
Medicina preventiva
Anopheles
Malaria
Insecticides
Preventive medicine
Mozambique
description BACKGROUND: Chemical insecticides are crucial to malaria control and elimination programmes. The frontline vector control interventions depend mainly on pyrethroids; all long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and more than 80% of indoor residual spraying (IRS) campaigns use chemicals from this class. This extensive use of pyrethroids imposes a strong selection pressure for resistance in mosquito populations, and so continuous resistance monitoring and evaluation are important. As pyrethroids have also been used for many years in the Manhica District, an area in southern Mozambique with perennial malaria transmission, an assessment of their efficacy against the local malaria vectors was conducted. METHODS: Female offspring of wild-caught Anopheles funestus s.s. females were exposed to deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin and permethrin using the World Health Organization (WHO) insecticide-resistance monitoring protocols. The 3-min WHO cone bioassay was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the bed nets distributed or available for purchase in the area (Olyset, permethrin LLIN; PermaNet 2.0, deltamethrin LLIN) against An. funestus. Mosquitoes were also exposed to PermaNet 2.0 for up to 8 h in time-exposure assays. RESULTS: Resistance to pyrethroids in An. funestus s.s. was extremely high, much higher than reported in 2002 and 2009. No exposure killed more than 25.8% of the mosquitoes tested (average mortality, deltamethrin: 6.4%; lambda-cyhalothrin: 5.1%; permethrin: 19.1%). There was no significant difference in the mortality generated by 3-min exposure to any net (Olyset: 9.3% mortality, PermaNet 2.0: 6.0%, untreated: 2.0%; p = 0.2). Six hours of exposure were required to kill 50% of the An. funestus s.s. on PermaNet 2.0. CONCLUSIONS: Anopheles funestus s.s. in Manhica is extremely resistant to pyrethroids, and this area is clearly a pyrethroid-resistance hotspot. This could severely undermine vector control in this district if no appropriate countermeasures are undertaken. The National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP) of Mozambique is currently improving its resistance monitoring programme, to design and scale up new management strategies. These actions are urgently needed, as the goal of the NMCP and its partners is to reach elimination in southern Mozambique by 2020.
publishDate 2015
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2015
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/2445/69195
url https://hdl.handle.net/2445/69195
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv Reproducció del document publicat a: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12936-015-0807-z
Malaria Journal, 2015, vol. 14, num. 298, 7 p.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12936-015-0807-z
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv cc by (c) Glunt et al., 2015
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv cc by (c) Glunt et al., 2015
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv BioMed Central
publisher.none.fl_str_mv BioMed Central
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv Articles publicats en revistes (ISGlobal)
reponame:Dipòsit Digital de la UB
instname:Universidad de Barcelona
instname_str Universidad de Barcelona
reponame_str Dipòsit Digital de la UB
collection Dipòsit Digital de la UB
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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score 15,301603

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