The Ganymede laser altimeter (GALA): key objectives, instrument design, and performance
The Ganymede Laser Altimeter (GALA) is one of the ten scientific instruments selected for the Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE) mission currently implemented under responsibility of the European Space Agency (ESA). JUICE is scheduled for launch in mid 2022; arrival at Jupiter will be by end of 2029...
| Autores: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Tipo de recurso: | artículo |
| Estado: | Versión aceptada para publicación |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2019 |
| País: | España |
| Institución: | Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) |
| Repositorio: | DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:digital.csic.es:10261/198157 |
| Acceso en línea: | http://hdl.handle.net/10261/198157 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palabra clave: | Laser Altimetry Solar System Satellites of Jupiter Ganymede JUICE mission GALA |
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The Ganymede laser altimeter (GALA): key objectives, instrument design, and performanceHussmann, HaukeLingenauber, KayKallenbach, ReinaldEnya, KeigoThomas, NicolasLara, Luisa MaríaAlthaus, Christian L.Araki, HiroshiBehnke, ThomasCastro Marín, J. M.Eisenmenger, HenriGerber, ThomasHerranz, MiguelHüttig, ChristianIshibashi, KoJiménez Ortega, JaimeKimura, JunKobayashi, MasanoriLötzke, Horst-GeorgLichopoj, AlexanderLüdicke, FabianMartínez-Navajas, IgnacioMichaelis, HaraldNamiki, NoriyukiNoda, HirotomoOberst, JürgenOshigami, ShokoRodríguez García, Juan PabloRodrigo, JulioRösner, KerstinStark, AlexanderSteinbrügge, GregorThabaut, Pascaldel Togno, SimoneTouhara, KazuyukiVillamil, SebastianWendler, BelindaWickhusen, KaiWillner, KonradLaser AltimetrySolar SystemSatellites of JupiterGanymedeJUICE missionGALAThe Ganymede Laser Altimeter (GALA) is one of the ten scientific instruments selected for the Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE) mission currently implemented under responsibility of the European Space Agency (ESA). JUICE is scheduled for launch in mid 2022; arrival at Jupiter will be by end of 2029 with the nominal science mission—including close flybys at Ganymede, Europa, and Callisto and a Ganymede orbit phase—ending by mid 2033. GALA’s main objective is to obtain topographic data of the icy satellites of Jupiter: Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto. By measuring the diurnal tidal deformation of Ganymede, which crucially depends on the decoupling of the surface ice layer from the deep interior by a liquid water ocean, GALA will obtain evidence for (or against) a subsurface ocean in a 500 km orbit around the satellite and will provide constraints on Ganymede’s ice shell thickness. In combination with other instruments, it will characterize the morphology of surface units on Ganymede, Europa, and Callisto providing not only topography but also surface roughness and albedo (at 1064 nm) measurements. GALA is a single-beam laser altimeter operating with up to 50 Hz (nominal 30 Hz) shot frequency at a wavelength of 1064 nm and pulse lengths of 5.5 ± 2.5 ns using a Nd:YAG laser. The return pulse is detected by an Avalanche Photo Diode (APD) with 100 MHz bandwidth and is digitized at a sampling rate of 200 MHz providing range measurements with a subsample resolution of 0.1 m and surface roughness measurements from pulse-shape analysis on the scale of the footprint size of about 50 m at 500 km altitude. The instrument is developed in collaboration of institutes and industry from Germany, Japan, Switzerland, and Spain. © 2019, CEAS.Financial support was provided under grant 50 QJ 1401 on behalf of the DLR Space Administration by the German Bundesministerium fur Wirtschaft und Energie. This research has been supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad under Contract ESP 2016-76076-R.Peer reviewedSpringer NatureGerman Centre for Air and Space TravelMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad (España)European CommissionConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]202020202019info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Postprintinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/198157reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Inglés#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINECO/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2013-2016/ESP2016-76076-Rhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12567-019-00282-8Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/1981572026-05-22T06:33:51Z |
| dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
The Ganymede laser altimeter (GALA): key objectives, instrument design, and performance |
| title |
The Ganymede laser altimeter (GALA): key objectives, instrument design, and performance |
| spellingShingle |
The Ganymede laser altimeter (GALA): key objectives, instrument design, and performance Hussmann, Hauke Laser Altimetry Solar System Satellites of Jupiter Ganymede JUICE mission GALA |
| title_short |
The Ganymede laser altimeter (GALA): key objectives, instrument design, and performance |
| title_full |
The Ganymede laser altimeter (GALA): key objectives, instrument design, and performance |
| title_fullStr |
The Ganymede laser altimeter (GALA): key objectives, instrument design, and performance |
| title_full_unstemmed |
The Ganymede laser altimeter (GALA): key objectives, instrument design, and performance |
| title_sort |
The Ganymede laser altimeter (GALA): key objectives, instrument design, and performance |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv |
Hussmann, Hauke Lingenauber, Kay Kallenbach, Reinald Enya, Keigo Thomas, Nicolas Lara, Luisa María Althaus, Christian L. Araki, Hiroshi Behnke, Thomas Castro Marín, J. M. Eisenmenger, Henri Gerber, Thomas Herranz, Miguel Hüttig, Christian Ishibashi, Ko Jiménez Ortega, Jaime Kimura, Jun Kobayashi, Masanori Lötzke, Horst-Georg Lichopoj, Alexander Lüdicke, Fabian Martínez-Navajas, Ignacio Michaelis, Harald Namiki, Noriyuki Noda, Hirotomo Oberst, Jürgen Oshigami, Shoko Rodríguez García, Juan Pablo Rodrigo, Julio Rösner, Kerstin Stark, Alexander Steinbrügge, Gregor Thabaut, Pascal del Togno, Simone Touhara, Kazuyuki Villamil, Sebastian Wendler, Belinda Wickhusen, Kai Willner, Konrad |
| author |
Hussmann, Hauke |
| author_facet |
Hussmann, Hauke Lingenauber, Kay Kallenbach, Reinald Enya, Keigo Thomas, Nicolas Lara, Luisa María Althaus, Christian L. Araki, Hiroshi Behnke, Thomas Castro Marín, J. M. Eisenmenger, Henri Gerber, Thomas Herranz, Miguel Hüttig, Christian Ishibashi, Ko Jiménez Ortega, Jaime Kimura, Jun Kobayashi, Masanori Lötzke, Horst-Georg Lichopoj, Alexander Lüdicke, Fabian Martínez-Navajas, Ignacio Michaelis, Harald Namiki, Noriyuki Noda, Hirotomo Oberst, Jürgen Oshigami, Shoko Rodríguez García, Juan Pablo Rodrigo, Julio Rösner, Kerstin Stark, Alexander Steinbrügge, Gregor Thabaut, Pascal del Togno, Simone Touhara, Kazuyuki Villamil, Sebastian Wendler, Belinda Wickhusen, Kai Willner, Konrad |
| author_role |
author |
| author2 |
Lingenauber, Kay Kallenbach, Reinald Enya, Keigo Thomas, Nicolas Lara, Luisa María Althaus, Christian L. Araki, Hiroshi Behnke, Thomas Castro Marín, J. M. Eisenmenger, Henri Gerber, Thomas Herranz, Miguel Hüttig, Christian Ishibashi, Ko Jiménez Ortega, Jaime Kimura, Jun Kobayashi, Masanori Lötzke, Horst-Georg Lichopoj, Alexander Lüdicke, Fabian Martínez-Navajas, Ignacio Michaelis, Harald Namiki, Noriyuki Noda, Hirotomo Oberst, Jürgen Oshigami, Shoko Rodríguez García, Juan Pablo Rodrigo, Julio Rösner, Kerstin Stark, Alexander Steinbrügge, Gregor Thabaut, Pascal del Togno, Simone Touhara, Kazuyuki Villamil, Sebastian Wendler, Belinda Wickhusen, Kai Willner, Konrad |
| author2_role |
author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author |
| dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
German Centre for Air and Space Travel Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España) European Commission Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72] |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv |
Laser Altimetry Solar System Satellites of Jupiter Ganymede JUICE mission GALA |
| topic |
Laser Altimetry Solar System Satellites of Jupiter Ganymede JUICE mission GALA |
| description |
The Ganymede Laser Altimeter (GALA) is one of the ten scientific instruments selected for the Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE) mission currently implemented under responsibility of the European Space Agency (ESA). JUICE is scheduled for launch in mid 2022; arrival at Jupiter will be by end of 2029 with the nominal science mission—including close flybys at Ganymede, Europa, and Callisto and a Ganymede orbit phase—ending by mid 2033. GALA’s main objective is to obtain topographic data of the icy satellites of Jupiter: Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto. By measuring the diurnal tidal deformation of Ganymede, which crucially depends on the decoupling of the surface ice layer from the deep interior by a liquid water ocean, GALA will obtain evidence for (or against) a subsurface ocean in a 500 km orbit around the satellite and will provide constraints on Ganymede’s ice shell thickness. In combination with other instruments, it will characterize the morphology of surface units on Ganymede, Europa, and Callisto providing not only topography but also surface roughness and albedo (at 1064 nm) measurements. GALA is a single-beam laser altimeter operating with up to 50 Hz (nominal 30 Hz) shot frequency at a wavelength of 1064 nm and pulse lengths of 5.5 ± 2.5 ns using a Nd:YAG laser. The return pulse is detected by an Avalanche Photo Diode (APD) with 100 MHz bandwidth and is digitized at a sampling rate of 200 MHz providing range measurements with a subsample resolution of 0.1 m and surface roughness measurements from pulse-shape analysis on the scale of the footprint size of about 50 m at 500 km altitude. The instrument is developed in collaboration of institutes and industry from Germany, Japan, Switzerland, and Spain. © 2019, CEAS. |
| publishDate |
2019 |
| dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2019 2020 2020 |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 Postprint info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion |
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article |
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acceptedVersion |
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http://hdl.handle.net/10261/198157 |
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http://hdl.handle.net/10261/198157 |
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Inglés |
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Inglés |
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#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE# info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINECO/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2013-2016/ESP2016-76076-R http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12567-019-00282-8 Sí |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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openAccess |
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Springer Nature |
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Springer Nature |
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reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) |
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Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) |
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