Rutile nanoparticles decorated onto permanently polarized hydroxyapatite for polypropylene solar photodegradation

The accumulation of microplastics (µPls) in ecosystems has become a serious environmental concern. Despite increasing awareness, the development of efficient technologies for their removal and remediation remains a major challenge. Herein, we investigate the photocatalytic degradation of polypropyle...

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Detalhes bibliográficos
Autores: Alemán Llansó, Carlos|||0000-0003-4462-6075, Ramos Nadal, Albert, Alemán Llanos, Carlos Enrique, Sans Milà, Jordi|||0000-0002-2756-0492, Pérez Madrigal, Maria del Mar|||0000-0002-2498-8485
Formato: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2026
País:España
Recursos:Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)
Repositorio:UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/456381
Acesso em linha:https://hdl.handle.net/2117/456381
https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2026.174313
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palavra-chave:Microplastics
Polypropylene photodegradation
Photocatalysts
Nanocomposites
Heterogeneous catalysis
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria química
Descrição
Resumo:The accumulation of microplastics (µPls) in ecosystems has become a serious environmental concern. Despite increasing awareness, the development of efficient technologies for their removal and remediation remains a major challenge. Herein, we investigate the photocatalytic degradation of polypropylene (PP) µPls using nanocomposite catalysts composed of permanently polarized hydroxyapatite microparticles (pp-HAp) and rutile TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs). pp-HAp, a macroporous bioceramic, is known for its ability to convert gases (CO2 or/and N2) into small value-added chemical products. While pp-HAp serves both as the substrate and thermocatalytic part of the composite, TiO2 NPs are incorporated as the photocatalytic component. A series of XTiO2/pp-HAp photocatalyts, where X represents the weight percentage of TiO2 (X = 2.5, 5, 10 and 20), were prepared applying a thermal stimulated polarization treatment. The resulting materials show no formation of undesirable calcium titanate. After thorough chemical and physical characterization, the photocatalytic performance of the XTiO2/pp-HAp in the degradation of PP-µPls was evaluated. Under 1 sun irradiation, the process is selective toward ethanol, which indicates the cleavage of consecutive Csingle bondC bonds along the PP chains, with the highest yield obtained for 2.5TiO2/pp-HAp. When the irradiation intensity decreases (0.5 sun), ethanol and isopropanol are produced, suggesting a reduction in the efficiency of the Csingle bondC cleavage. In all cases, the nanocomposite catalysts exhibit significantly higher yields than TiO2 NPs or pp-HAp individually, which indicates cooperative electronic effects between both components. Regarding selectivity, in addition to the solar irradiation, the TiO2:pp-HAp ratio also determines which product is obtained. Within the framework of circular economy, our strategy yields added-value chemical products from PP waste using only sunlight and an environmentally friendly catalyst.