Design and Characterization of Gelatin-Based Interpenetrating Polymer Networks for Biomedical Use: Rheological, Thermal, and Physicochemical Evaluation

Tissue engineering is a multidisciplinary field that aims to address tissue and organ failure by integrating scientific, engineering, and medial expertise. Gelatin is valued in this field for its biocompatibility; however, it faces thermal and mechanical weaknesses that limit its biomedical utility....

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Autores: Grosso, Roberto, Díaz-Carrasco, Fátima, Vidal-Nogales, Elena, Paz Báñez, María Violante de, Díaz-Blanco, M. Jesús, Benito Hernández, Elena María
Formato: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2026
País:España
Recursos:Universidad de Sevilla (US)
Repositorio:idUS. Depósito de Investigación de la Universidad de Sevilla
OAI Identifier:oai:dnet:idus________::479af966c20823d87925542f4facf3bd
Acesso em linha:https://hdl.handle.net/11441/184817
https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19020289
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palavra-chave:Biopolymer
Diels–Alder
Gelatin
Hydrogel
Interpenetrating polymer network
Tissue engineering
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spelling Design and Characterization of Gelatin-Based Interpenetrating Polymer Networks for Biomedical Use: Rheological, Thermal, and Physicochemical EvaluationGrosso, RobertoDíaz-Carrasco, FátimaVidal-Nogales, ElenaPaz Báñez, María Violante deDíaz-Blanco, M. JesúsBenito Hernández, Elena MaríaBiopolymerDiels–AlderGelatinHydrogelInterpenetrating polymer networkTissue engineeringTissue engineering is a multidisciplinary field that aims to address tissue and organ failure by integrating scientific, engineering, and medial expertise. Gelatin is valued in this field for its biocompatibility; however, it faces thermal and mechanical weaknesses that limit its biomedical utility. This work proposes a strategy for improving gelatin properties by fabricating semi-interpenetrating polymer networks via in situ Diels–Alder crosslinking within gelatin colloidal solutions. Ten systems with variable polymer concentrations (2–4%) and crosslinking degrees (2–5%) were prepared and characterized. Rheological analysis revealed that elastic modulus, zero-shear viscosity, and complex viscosity were substantially enhanced, being especially dependent on the crosslinking degree, while critical strain values mostly depended on gelatin concentration. The incorporation of a synthetic Diels–Alder-crosslinked network also improved the thermal stability of gelatin hydrogels, particularly at physiological temperatures. Additionally, these systems exhibit favorable buoyancy, swelling and biodegradation profiles. Collectively, the resultant hydrogels are cytocompatible, solid-like, and mechanically robust, allowing for further tunability of their properties for specific biomedical uses, such as injectable matrices, load-bearing scaffolds for tissue repair, and 3D bioinks.Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)Química Orgánica y FarmacéuticaMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). EspañaJunta de Andalucía2026info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/11441/184817https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19020289reponame:idUS. Depósito de Investigación de la Universidad de Sevillainstname:Universidad de Sevilla (US)InglésMaterials, 19 (2), 289. PID2020-115916GB-I00US-1380587https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19020289info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:dnet:idus________::479af966c20823d87925542f4facf3bd2026-06-17T12:51:07Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Design and Characterization of Gelatin-Based Interpenetrating Polymer Networks for Biomedical Use: Rheological, Thermal, and Physicochemical Evaluation
title Design and Characterization of Gelatin-Based Interpenetrating Polymer Networks for Biomedical Use: Rheological, Thermal, and Physicochemical Evaluation
spellingShingle Design and Characterization of Gelatin-Based Interpenetrating Polymer Networks for Biomedical Use: Rheological, Thermal, and Physicochemical Evaluation
Grosso, Roberto
Biopolymer
Diels–Alder
Gelatin
Hydrogel
Interpenetrating polymer network
Tissue engineering
title_short Design and Characterization of Gelatin-Based Interpenetrating Polymer Networks for Biomedical Use: Rheological, Thermal, and Physicochemical Evaluation
title_full Design and Characterization of Gelatin-Based Interpenetrating Polymer Networks for Biomedical Use: Rheological, Thermal, and Physicochemical Evaluation
title_fullStr Design and Characterization of Gelatin-Based Interpenetrating Polymer Networks for Biomedical Use: Rheological, Thermal, and Physicochemical Evaluation
title_full_unstemmed Design and Characterization of Gelatin-Based Interpenetrating Polymer Networks for Biomedical Use: Rheological, Thermal, and Physicochemical Evaluation
title_sort Design and Characterization of Gelatin-Based Interpenetrating Polymer Networks for Biomedical Use: Rheological, Thermal, and Physicochemical Evaluation
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Grosso, Roberto
Díaz-Carrasco, Fátima
Vidal-Nogales, Elena
Paz Báñez, María Violante de
Díaz-Blanco, M. Jesús
Benito Hernández, Elena María
author Grosso, Roberto
author_facet Grosso, Roberto
Díaz-Carrasco, Fátima
Vidal-Nogales, Elena
Paz Báñez, María Violante de
Díaz-Blanco, M. Jesús
Benito Hernández, Elena María
author_role author
author2 Díaz-Carrasco, Fátima
Vidal-Nogales, Elena
Paz Báñez, María Violante de
Díaz-Blanco, M. Jesús
Benito Hernández, Elena María
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica
Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España
Junta de Andalucía
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Biopolymer
Diels–Alder
Gelatin
Hydrogel
Interpenetrating polymer network
Tissue engineering
topic Biopolymer
Diels–Alder
Gelatin
Hydrogel
Interpenetrating polymer network
Tissue engineering
description Tissue engineering is a multidisciplinary field that aims to address tissue and organ failure by integrating scientific, engineering, and medial expertise. Gelatin is valued in this field for its biocompatibility; however, it faces thermal and mechanical weaknesses that limit its biomedical utility. This work proposes a strategy for improving gelatin properties by fabricating semi-interpenetrating polymer networks via in situ Diels–Alder crosslinking within gelatin colloidal solutions. Ten systems with variable polymer concentrations (2–4%) and crosslinking degrees (2–5%) were prepared and characterized. Rheological analysis revealed that elastic modulus, zero-shear viscosity, and complex viscosity were substantially enhanced, being especially dependent on the crosslinking degree, while critical strain values mostly depended on gelatin concentration. The incorporation of a synthetic Diels–Alder-crosslinked network also improved the thermal stability of gelatin hydrogels, particularly at physiological temperatures. Additionally, these systems exhibit favorable buoyancy, swelling and biodegradation profiles. Collectively, the resultant hydrogels are cytocompatible, solid-like, and mechanically robust, allowing for further tunability of their properties for specific biomedical uses, such as injectable matrices, load-bearing scaffolds for tissue repair, and 3D bioinks.
publishDate 2026
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2026
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/11441/184817
https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19020289
url https://hdl.handle.net/11441/184817
https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19020289
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv Materials, 19 (2), 289.
PID2020-115916GB-I00
US-1380587
https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19020289
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:idUS. Depósito de Investigación de la Universidad de Sevilla
instname:Universidad de Sevilla (US)
instname_str Universidad de Sevilla (US)
reponame_str idUS. Depósito de Investigación de la Universidad de Sevilla
collection idUS. Depósito de Investigación de la Universidad de Sevilla
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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score 15,81155

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