Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on the nasopharyngeal microbiota of children and adults self-confined at home

The increased incidence of COVID-19 cases and deaths in Spain in March 2020 led to the declaration by the Spanish government of a state of emergency imposing strict confinement measures on the population. The objective of this study was to characterize the nasopharyngeal microbiota of children and a...

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Bibliographic Details
Authors: Rocafort, Muntsa, Henares, Desiree, Brotons, Pedro, Launes, Cristian, Fernandez de Sevilla, Mariona, Fumadó, Victoria, Barrabeig, Irene, Arias, Sara, Redin, Alba, Ponomarenko, Julia, Mele, Maria, Millat-Martínez, Pere, Claverol, Joana, Balanza, Núria, Mira, Alex, Garcia-Garcia, Juan Jose, Bassat, Quique, Jordan, Iolanda, Muñoz-Almagro, Carmen
Format: article
Status:Published version
Publication Date:2022
Country:España
Institution:Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)
Repository:Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya
OAI Identifier:oai:recercat.cat:10230/54770
Online Access:http://hdl.handle.net/10230/54770
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14071521
Access Level:Open access
Keyword:COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2
Adults
Children
Nasopharyngeal microbiota
Description
Summary:The increased incidence of COVID-19 cases and deaths in Spain in March 2020 led to the declaration by the Spanish government of a state of emergency imposing strict confinement measures on the population. The objective of this study was to characterize the nasopharyngeal microbiota of children and adults and its relation to SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity during the pandemic lockdown in Spain. This cross-sectional study included family households located in metropolitan Barcelona, Spain, with one adult with a previous confirmed COVID-19 episode and one or more exposed co-habiting child contacts. Nasopharyngeal swabs were used to determine SARS-CoV-2 infection status, characterize the nasopharyngeal microbiota and determine common respiratory DNA/RNA viral co-infections. A total of 173 adult cases and 470 exposed children were included. Overall, a predominance of Corynebacterium and Dolosigranulum and a limited abundance of common pathobionts including Haemophilus and Streptococcus were found both among adults and children. Children with current SARS-CoV-2 infection presented higher bacterial richness and increased Fusobacterium, Streptococcus and Prevotella abundance than non-infected children. Among adults, persistent SARS-CoV-2 RNA was associated with an increased abundance of an unclassified member of the Actinomycetales order. COVID-19 severity was associated with increased Staphylococcus and reduced Dolosigranulum abundance. The stringent COVID-19 lockdown in Spain had a significant impact on the nasopharyngeal microbiota of children, reflected in the limited abundance of common respiratory pathobionts and the predominance of Corynebacterium, regardless of SARS-CoV-2 detection. COVID-19 severity in adults was associated with decreased nasopharynx levels of healthy commensal bacteria.