Continuous variable QKD in flexible optical networks for future quantum secure connectivity

Future optical networks, envisioning the support of 6G services and related demanding requirements, should provide ultra-high-capacity and reliable connectivity, ensuring sustainability and security. Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a technology to address the limitations of classical cryptography,...

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Authors: Moreolo, MS, Iqbal, M, Casellas, R, Nadal, L, Muñoz, R
Format: article
Status:Published version
Publication Date:2025
Country:España
Institution:Centre Tecnològic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC)
Repository:r-CTTC. Repositorio Institucional Producción Científica del Centre Tecnològic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC)
OAI Identifier:oai:cttc.fundanetsuite.com:p8691
Online Access:https://cttc.fundanetsuite.com/Publicaciones/ProdCientif/PublicacionFrw.aspx?id=8691
Access Level:Open access
Keyword:Protocols
Quantum channels
Optical fiber networks
6G mobile communication
Symbols
Resource management
Adaptive optics
Wavelength division multiplexing
Interoperability
Cryptography
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spelling Continuous variable QKD in flexible optical networks for future quantum secure connectivityMoreolo, MSIqbal, MCasellas, RNadal, LMuñoz, RProtocolsQuantum channelsOptical fiber networks6G mobile communicationSymbolsResource managementAdaptive opticsWavelength division multiplexingInteroperabilityCryptographyFuture optical networks, envisioning the support of 6G services and related demanding requirements, should provide ultra-high-capacity and reliable connectivity, ensuring sustainability and security. Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a technology to address the limitations of classical cryptography, enabling quantum secure communications. Continuous variable QKD (CV-QKD) offers potential cost savings and enhanced compatibility with classical systems. This facilitates the integration within the network infrastructure, particularly in synergy with software-defined networking (SDN), further promoting interoperability and resource sharing/saving. For the adoption and practical implementation of CV-QKD, it is relevant to consider composable security and a finite number of symbols employed in the protocol (block size). In this work, we present the comparison of two models, to provide a figure of the required block size. We also assess the results using a simulation software. Furthermore, we explore a coexistence scenario considering a flexible grid, to exploit the CV-QKD capability of arbitrarily tuning the operating wavelength. This is a relevant feature enabling flexible allocation of the quantum channel to mitigate impairment and saving spectral resources. Considering realistic parameters aligned to commercially available CV-QKD systems and finite block size, we show an improvement with respect to our previous results. A minimum quantum-classical channel spacing of 112.5 GHz is required in a coexistence scenario with 8 x 200G transceivers and 9 dBm of total power over a 15 km link. In case of 10 dBm of total power, 125 GHz quantum-classical channel spacing is required to generate keys for practical implementation over the analyzed links. Finally, we discuss SDN aspects relevant for dynamic quantum channel allocation and flexible network management, enabling coexistence and efficient resource sharing, facilitating QKD technology integration in deployed networks. The presented results and envisioned potentialities of CV-QKD for practical implementation in optical networks pave the way for its adoption in the network infrastructure toward future quantum secure communications.Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.2025info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttps://cttc.fundanetsuite.com/Publicaciones/ProdCientif/PublicacionFrw.aspx?id=8691Journal of Optical Communications and NetworkingISSN: 19430620ISSNe: 19430639reponame:r-CTTC. Repositorio Institucional Producción Científica del Centre Tecnològic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC)instname:Centre Tecnològic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC)Inglésinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:cttc.fundanetsuite.com:p86912026-06-17T11:44:47Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Continuous variable QKD in flexible optical networks for future quantum secure connectivity
title Continuous variable QKD in flexible optical networks for future quantum secure connectivity
spellingShingle Continuous variable QKD in flexible optical networks for future quantum secure connectivity
Moreolo, MS
Protocols
Quantum channels
Optical fiber networks
6G mobile communication
Symbols
Resource management
Adaptive optics
Wavelength division multiplexing
Interoperability
Cryptography
title_short Continuous variable QKD in flexible optical networks for future quantum secure connectivity
title_full Continuous variable QKD in flexible optical networks for future quantum secure connectivity
title_fullStr Continuous variable QKD in flexible optical networks for future quantum secure connectivity
title_full_unstemmed Continuous variable QKD in flexible optical networks for future quantum secure connectivity
title_sort Continuous variable QKD in flexible optical networks for future quantum secure connectivity
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Moreolo, MS
Iqbal, M
Casellas, R
Nadal, L
Muñoz, R
author Moreolo, MS
author_facet Moreolo, MS
Iqbal, M
Casellas, R
Nadal, L
Muñoz, R
author_role author
author2 Iqbal, M
Casellas, R
Nadal, L
Muñoz, R
author2_role author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Protocols
Quantum channels
Optical fiber networks
6G mobile communication
Symbols
Resource management
Adaptive optics
Wavelength division multiplexing
Interoperability
Cryptography
topic Protocols
Quantum channels
Optical fiber networks
6G mobile communication
Symbols
Resource management
Adaptive optics
Wavelength division multiplexing
Interoperability
Cryptography
description Future optical networks, envisioning the support of 6G services and related demanding requirements, should provide ultra-high-capacity and reliable connectivity, ensuring sustainability and security. Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a technology to address the limitations of classical cryptography, enabling quantum secure communications. Continuous variable QKD (CV-QKD) offers potential cost savings and enhanced compatibility with classical systems. This facilitates the integration within the network infrastructure, particularly in synergy with software-defined networking (SDN), further promoting interoperability and resource sharing/saving. For the adoption and practical implementation of CV-QKD, it is relevant to consider composable security and a finite number of symbols employed in the protocol (block size). In this work, we present the comparison of two models, to provide a figure of the required block size. We also assess the results using a simulation software. Furthermore, we explore a coexistence scenario considering a flexible grid, to exploit the CV-QKD capability of arbitrarily tuning the operating wavelength. This is a relevant feature enabling flexible allocation of the quantum channel to mitigate impairment and saving spectral resources. Considering realistic parameters aligned to commercially available CV-QKD systems and finite block size, we show an improvement with respect to our previous results. A minimum quantum-classical channel spacing of 112.5 GHz is required in a coexistence scenario with 8 x 200G transceivers and 9 dBm of total power over a 15 km link. In case of 10 dBm of total power, 125 GHz quantum-classical channel spacing is required to generate keys for practical implementation over the analyzed links. Finally, we discuss SDN aspects relevant for dynamic quantum channel allocation and flexible network management, enabling coexistence and efficient resource sharing, facilitating QKD technology integration in deployed networks. The presented results and envisioned potentialities of CV-QKD for practical implementation in optical networks pave the way for its adoption in the network infrastructure toward future quantum secure communications.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://cttc.fundanetsuite.com/Publicaciones/ProdCientif/PublicacionFrw.aspx?id=8691
url https://cttc.fundanetsuite.com/Publicaciones/ProdCientif/PublicacionFrw.aspx?id=8691
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv Journal of Optical Communications and Networking
ISSN: 19430620
ISSNe: 19430639
reponame:r-CTTC. Repositorio Institucional Producción Científica del Centre Tecnològic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC)
instname:Centre Tecnològic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC)
instname_str Centre Tecnològic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC)
reponame_str r-CTTC. Repositorio Institucional Producción Científica del Centre Tecnològic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC)
collection r-CTTC. Repositorio Institucional Producción Científica del Centre Tecnològic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC)
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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