Synoptic patterns triggering tornadic storms on the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands

The present article analyses the synoptic framework associated with tornadic events on the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands. We discussed the spatial and temporal distribution of tornadoes in the study area, subsequently performing a principal component analysis using 500 hPa geopotential...

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Detalhes bibliográficos
Autores: Rodríguez Ballester, Oriol, Lemus Cánovas, Marc
Tipo de documento: artigo
Estado:Versão publicada
Data de publicação:2023
País:España
Recursos:Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)
Repositório:Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya
OAI Identifier:oai:recercat.cat:2445/219850
Acesso em linha:https://hdl.handle.net/2445/219850
Access Level:Acceso aberto
Palavra-chave:Tornados
Península Ibèrica
Temps (Meteorologia)
Tornadoes
Iberian Peninsula
Weather
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spelling Synoptic patterns triggering tornadic storms on the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic IslandsRodríguez Ballester, OriolLemus Cánovas, MarcTornadosPenínsula IbèricaTemps (Meteorologia)TornadoesIberian PeninsulaWeatherThe present article analyses the synoptic framework associated with tornadic events on the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands. We discussed the spatial and temporal distribution of tornadoes in the study area, subsequently performing a principal component analysis using 500 hPa geopotential height and mean sea level pressure data from ERA5 reanalysis to classify into 12 synoptic patterns the 465 tornadic events (comprising 608 individual tornadoes) reported between 1950 and 2021. Furthermore, we employed 900 hPa specific humidity and temperature, 300 hPa and 900 hPa zonal and meridional wind, CAPE, medium-layer shear (MLS) and the product of MLS and the square root of two times CAPE (WMAXSHEAR03) variables to create the mean composites related to each weather type. We also analysed the influence of several teleconnection patterns on the occurrence of tornadoes. Results showed a wide range of configurations prone to tornadogenesis, although these are usually characterised by a surface low and/or a trough whose axis is oriented north-south close to the Iberian Peninsula. Tornadoes are typically related to warm, moist low-level advections, i.e. maritime 900 hPa wind together with 900 hPa specific humidity relative maxima. The variable WMAXSHEAR03 presents a pattern similar to the tornado distribution for each weather type throughout the study area, whereas CAPE and MLS separately do not (Mediterranean events are mainly associated with high CAPE and moderate MLS environments, whereas Atlantic tornadoes tend to be promoted in small CAPE and strong MLS conditions). Tornadoes in western Iberia are usually formed under the negative phase of the NAO and the AO, whereas in the Mediterranean area they are typically associated with the positive phase of the WeMO and the MO, which contrasts with torrential rainfall events in this subregion.Elsevier B.V.2025202520232025info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion16 p.application/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/2445/219850Articles publicats en revistes (Física Aplicada)reponame:Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunyainstname:Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)InglésReproducció del document publicat a: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2023.106634Atmospheric Research, 2023, vol. 285, p. 1-16https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2023.106634cc-by-nc-nd (c) Rodríguez Ballester, Oriol et al., 2023http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:recercat.cat:2445/2198502026-05-29T05:05:01Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Synoptic patterns triggering tornadic storms on the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands
title Synoptic patterns triggering tornadic storms on the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands
spellingShingle Synoptic patterns triggering tornadic storms on the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands
Rodríguez Ballester, Oriol
Tornados
Península Ibèrica
Temps (Meteorologia)
Tornadoes
Iberian Peninsula
Weather
title_short Synoptic patterns triggering tornadic storms on the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands
title_full Synoptic patterns triggering tornadic storms on the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands
title_fullStr Synoptic patterns triggering tornadic storms on the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands
title_full_unstemmed Synoptic patterns triggering tornadic storms on the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands
title_sort Synoptic patterns triggering tornadic storms on the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Rodríguez Ballester, Oriol
Lemus Cánovas, Marc
author Rodríguez Ballester, Oriol
author_facet Rodríguez Ballester, Oriol
Lemus Cánovas, Marc
author_role author
author2 Lemus Cánovas, Marc
author2_role author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Tornados
Península Ibèrica
Temps (Meteorologia)
Tornadoes
Iberian Peninsula
Weather
topic Tornados
Península Ibèrica
Temps (Meteorologia)
Tornadoes
Iberian Peninsula
Weather
description The present article analyses the synoptic framework associated with tornadic events on the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands. We discussed the spatial and temporal distribution of tornadoes in the study area, subsequently performing a principal component analysis using 500 hPa geopotential height and mean sea level pressure data from ERA5 reanalysis to classify into 12 synoptic patterns the 465 tornadic events (comprising 608 individual tornadoes) reported between 1950 and 2021. Furthermore, we employed 900 hPa specific humidity and temperature, 300 hPa and 900 hPa zonal and meridional wind, CAPE, medium-layer shear (MLS) and the product of MLS and the square root of two times CAPE (WMAXSHEAR03) variables to create the mean composites related to each weather type. We also analysed the influence of several teleconnection patterns on the occurrence of tornadoes. Results showed a wide range of configurations prone to tornadogenesis, although these are usually characterised by a surface low and/or a trough whose axis is oriented north-south close to the Iberian Peninsula. Tornadoes are typically related to warm, moist low-level advections, i.e. maritime 900 hPa wind together with 900 hPa specific humidity relative maxima. The variable WMAXSHEAR03 presents a pattern similar to the tornado distribution for each weather type throughout the study area, whereas CAPE and MLS separately do not (Mediterranean events are mainly associated with high CAPE and moderate MLS environments, whereas Atlantic tornadoes tend to be promoted in small CAPE and strong MLS conditions). Tornadoes in western Iberia are usually formed under the negative phase of the NAO and the AO, whereas in the Mediterranean area they are typically associated with the positive phase of the WeMO and the MO, which contrasts with torrential rainfall events in this subregion.
publishDate 2023
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2023
2025
2025
2025
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/2445/219850
url https://hdl.handle.net/2445/219850
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv Reproducció del document publicat a: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2023.106634
Atmospheric Research, 2023, vol. 285, p. 1-16
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2023.106634
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv cc-by-nc-nd (c) Rodríguez Ballester, Oriol et al., 2023
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv cc-by-nc-nd (c) Rodríguez Ballester, Oriol et al., 2023
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv 16 p.
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier B.V.
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier B.V.
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv Articles publicats en revistes (Física Aplicada)
reponame:Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya
instname:Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)
instname_str Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)
reponame_str Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya
collection Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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score 15,81155

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