Evaluation of seismic Vulnerability and Strengthening of heritage Buildings. Case Study: The Giralda of Seville
The preservation of the cultural heritage is a current and challenging issue for the sustainable development of countries. In the case of the European Union (EU), this is an important challenge due to its richness and diversity. Therefore, regional and local authorities of the EU member states are c...
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| Tipo de recurso: | tesis doctoral |
| Estado: | Versión publicada |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2024 |
| País: | España |
| Institución: | Universidad de Sevilla (US) |
| Repositorio: | idUS. Depósito de Investigación de la Universidad de Sevilla |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:idus.us.es:11441/163819 |
| Acceso en línea: | https://hdl.handle.net/11441/163819 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palabra clave: | Seismic vulnerability assessment Heritage tower 3D Finite element model Soil-structure interaction Evaluación de vulnerabilidad sísmica Torre patrimonial Modelo 3D de elementos finitos Interacción suelo-cimentación-estructura |
| Sumario: | The preservation of the cultural heritage is a current and challenging issue for the sustainable development of countries. In the case of the European Union (EU), this is an important challenge due to its richness and diversity. Therefore, regional and local authorities of the EU member states are committed to safeguarding and enhancing Europe’s cultural heritage through policies and programmes. Historically, the world´s cultural heritage has been seriously damaged by natural disasters. Due to that, the evaluation of the impact that natural disasters can have on that has been emphasized. In case of an earthquake, it is crucial to increase the resistance of these buildings and to minimize the time and cost of its subsequent recovery. The cultural heritage has a great impact in the identity, the economic growth and the cultural development in our cities. This is the case of Seville, where the cultural heritage has a great relevance. The Giralda tower of the Cathedral of Seville is its most representative building and its identity symbol. It has been declared as a Word Heritage Site by UNESCO due to its patrimonial value. The Giralda was constructed in 1384 as the Minaret of the major mosque of Seville. However, it has undergone different construction phases over time. One of the most relevant modifications was de addition of the Renaissance belfry designed by the architect Hernán Ruíz. In addition, it has suffered the effect of several historical earthquakes. This thesis aims to enhance the resilience of cultural heritage through by analysing the seismic behaviour of heritage buildings and their subsequent reinforcement. To achieve this goal, the study focuses on assessing the seismic vulnerability of the Giralda of Seville. The failure mechanisms and potential damage that the building could suffer in the event of an earthquake have been identified. Notably, the novelty of the proposal lies in conducting an accurate analysis that simultaneously considers the type of soil, the foundation and the structure. Furthermore, it should be noted that some seismic retrofitting solutions have been assessed. These can then be integrated into the future building’s conservation activities. To do so, first, the historical settlements of the tower has been assessed. A detailed characterisation of the foundation and its geotechnical model has been carried out. Both 2D and 3D Finite Elements Model (FEM) has been developed to analyse the settlements, considering the different construction phases, the loads, the time of execution and consolidation between phases. Therefore, the author has found that the tilt to the south-east direction has possibly been caused by the thicker, soft strata under this corner, resulting in differential settlement in this direction. Next, an accurate 3D FEM of the structure has been performed. In this context, a calibration and sensitivity analysis process have been applied to update the numerical model. Nonlinear static and dynamic analyses have been conducted to assess the seismic behaviour of the tower. The seismic safety of the tower has been evaluated based on these results. Real ground motions have been selected for different return periods to perform the dynamic analyses. Subsequently, a comprehensive evaluation of the soil, the foundation and the structure has been carried out to develop a complex 3D FEM. Numerical result highlighted the significant impact of soil on the bell tower seismic behaviour, amplifying the acceleration and its damage at the upper bodies. Finally, several strengthening methods have been numerically analysed, comparing them with in-situ cyclic laboratory test results. The updated mechanical parameters of the materials have been obtained, considering the retrofitting techniques. Then, these parameters can be applied to the numerical model of the tower. |
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