Desarrollo de herramientas morfológicas y genómicas para el estudio del pepino dulce (Solanum muricatum) y especies relacionadas. Caracterización de su valor nutracéutico
[EN] The reduction of agricultural biodiversity is a serious problem for our agriculture. Increasingly fewer species are cultivated, and these are also increasingly homogeneous. The introduction of new crops for the horticultural diversification is one of the activities that can be implemented to mi...
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| Tipo de recurso: | tesis doctoral |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2016 |
| País: | España |
| Institución: | Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV) |
| Repositorio: | RiuNet. Repositorio Institucional de la Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia |
| Idioma: | español |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:riunet.upv.es:10251/61962 |
| Acceso en línea: | https://riunet.upv.es/handle/10251/61962 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palabra clave: | Pepino dulce Solanum muricatum Solanaceae Nuevos cultivos Fenología Caracterización Bancos de germoplasma Marcadores moleculares Genómica Transcriptómica Nutracéutica GENETICA |
| Sumario: | [EN] The reduction of agricultural biodiversity is a serious problem for our agriculture. Increasingly fewer species are cultivated, and these are also increasingly homogeneous. The introduction of new crops for the horticultural diversification is one of the activities that can be implemented to minimize the impact of this variability loss. In this regard, pepino (Solanum muricatum) is a crop that may be of interest to our horticulture and neighboring markets. It is a species of Andean origin, usually propagated vegetatively, and that can be grown in the Mediterranean area. The pepino is used for its juicy, sweet and aromatic fruits, which in addition presents significant amounts of beneficial compounds for health. The COMAV genebank has a collection of pepino and wild relatives accessions. At present, morphological descriptors are available for proper characterization of these materials, but it was necessary to develop phenological descriptors as the ones presented in this work. In particular, the BBCH scale developed in this thesis is a key that allow us to describe and define the various stages of phenological development in the species, displaying numerous applications. On the other hand, a correct characterization of the accessions preserved in the genebank was necessary. For this reason, and in addition to carrying out a morphological characterization, a molecular characterization using SSR markers derived from tomato was performed. In this case, the benefit of the genetic proximity between the two species allowed us to transfer the tomato markers (widely studied species) to pepino, allowing us to differentiate morphologically and molecularly the wild species from the cultivated one, and within the latter, differentiate modern and traditional types. A limitation in the study of the genetics of pepino was the small number of DNA sequences available in the databases. For this reason, we sequenced the transcriptome of a variety of pepino (Sweet Long) as well as the species that is considered the wild ancestor of the pepino, S. caripense. The sequencing and subsequent assembly of the transcriptome has allowed an initial comparative analysis between pepino and its closely related species, tomato and potato, a phylogenetic study of cultivated Solanaceae, a comparative analysis of some genes of agronomic interest, and the massive development of molecular markers. Because of the potential nutraceutical properties of the pepino fruit, we decided to perform a characterization using the previously studied collection. We have evaluated the dry matter, protein, antioxidants, pigments and minerals contents. On the other hand, considering that polyphenols are one of the most important antioxidant compounds, we conducted a study trying to elucidate the profile of polyphenols and their antioxidant activity in four pepino and one S. caripense entries. We also measured the effect of the pepino extracts on macrophage cells subjected to oxidative stress. The results obtained revealed a significant reduction in nitric oxide production, which indicates the existence of an anti-inflammatory effect. These beneficial properties of pepino are its main strength and, together with a high organoleptic quality and good promotion can encourage the introduction and development of this crop. In summary, in this thesis we have obtained relevant information about the diversity of pepino and we have studied its phenological, morphological, molecular, genomic, nutritional and nutraceutical characteristics. |
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