Pan-alpine summer temperatures since 742 CE

Albeit labor-intensive, tree-ring maximum latewood density (MXD) has become a prime proxy to reconstruct inter-annual to multi-centennial climate variability. We here combine such data from five valleys in Austria, France and Switzerland to present a June-September temperature history for the Europe...

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Autores: Esper, Jan, Reinig, Frederick, Torbenson, Max, Martinez del Castillo, Edurne, Kunz, Marcel, Arzac, Alberto, Carrer, Marco, Chen, Feng, Kadioglu, Alper K., Kirdyanov, Alexander V., Tejedor, Ernesto, Trnka, Mirek, Büntgen, Ulf
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:dnet:digitalcsic_::2ffe1732147dc5ee3c71519f998018ea
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/430433
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Climate reconstruction
European Alps
Larix decidua
Maximum latewood density
MXD
Paleoclimate
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spelling Pan-alpine summer temperatures since 742 CEEsper, JanReinig, FrederickTorbenson, MaxMartinez del Castillo, EdurneKunz, MarcelArzac, AlbertoCarrer, MarcoChen, FengKadioglu, Alper K.Kirdyanov, Alexander V.Tejedor, ErnestoTrnka, MirekBüntgen, UlfClimate reconstructionEuropean AlpsLarix deciduaMaximum latewood densityMXDPaleoclimateAlbeit labor-intensive, tree-ring maximum latewood density (MXD) has become a prime proxy to reconstruct inter-annual to multi-centennial climate variability. We here combine such data from five valleys in Austria, France and Switzerland to present a June-September temperature history for the European Alps reaching back to 742 CE. The pan-alpine record correlates at r = 0.89 with observational data and provides evidence for a prolonged Little Ice Age (LIA) from the 1250s to 1850s CE, during which summer temperatures were 0.59 °C cooler compared to the preceding Medieval Warm Period (MWP) from the 880s to 1240s CE. Temperatures rose by 3.65 °C from the coldest decade in the 1810s, which includes the 1816 CE post-Tambora “year without a summer”, to the warmest decade in the 2010s. The warmest summer in our reconstruction occurred in 2003 CE (+ 2.71 °C) and exceeds the warmest naturally forced summer in 970 CE (+ 2.19 °C) by more than 0.5 °C. This difference is non-significant, however, if we consider the increasing uncertainties back in time when fewer sites and trees contributed to the reconstruction. The pan-alpine record is the result of conducting MXD measurements over the past two decades in Swiss and German laboratories and sets a new standard in terms of explained variance and pre-instrumental temperature variability estimation in the European Alps.European Research Council; German Science Foundation; Comunidad de Madrid; Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores, Unión Europea y Cooperación (España); Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España); CSIC - Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN)ElsevierEuropean Research CouncilGerman Science FoundationComunidad de MadridMinisterio de Asuntos Exteriores, Unión Europea y Cooperación (España)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]2026202620252026info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/430433reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/882727info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/HE/101118880info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/German Science Foundation//ES 161info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/Comunidad de Madrid/Atracción de Talento "César Nombela"/2023-T1info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/HE/CZ.02.01.01http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dendro.2025.126432Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:dnet:digitalcsic_::2ffe1732147dc5ee3c71519f998018ea2026-05-22T06:33:51Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Pan-alpine summer temperatures since 742 CE
title Pan-alpine summer temperatures since 742 CE
spellingShingle Pan-alpine summer temperatures since 742 CE
Esper, Jan
Climate reconstruction
European Alps
Larix decidua
Maximum latewood density
MXD
Paleoclimate
title_short Pan-alpine summer temperatures since 742 CE
title_full Pan-alpine summer temperatures since 742 CE
title_fullStr Pan-alpine summer temperatures since 742 CE
title_full_unstemmed Pan-alpine summer temperatures since 742 CE
title_sort Pan-alpine summer temperatures since 742 CE
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Esper, Jan
Reinig, Frederick
Torbenson, Max
Martinez del Castillo, Edurne
Kunz, Marcel
Arzac, Alberto
Carrer, Marco
Chen, Feng
Kadioglu, Alper K.
Kirdyanov, Alexander V.
Tejedor, Ernesto
Trnka, Mirek
Büntgen, Ulf
author Esper, Jan
author_facet Esper, Jan
Reinig, Frederick
Torbenson, Max
Martinez del Castillo, Edurne
Kunz, Marcel
Arzac, Alberto
Carrer, Marco
Chen, Feng
Kadioglu, Alper K.
Kirdyanov, Alexander V.
Tejedor, Ernesto
Trnka, Mirek
Büntgen, Ulf
author_role author
author2 Reinig, Frederick
Torbenson, Max
Martinez del Castillo, Edurne
Kunz, Marcel
Arzac, Alberto
Carrer, Marco
Chen, Feng
Kadioglu, Alper K.
Kirdyanov, Alexander V.
Tejedor, Ernesto
Trnka, Mirek
Büntgen, Ulf
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv European Research Council
German Science Foundation
Comunidad de Madrid
Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores, Unión Europea y Cooperación (España)
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Climate reconstruction
European Alps
Larix decidua
Maximum latewood density
MXD
Paleoclimate
topic Climate reconstruction
European Alps
Larix decidua
Maximum latewood density
MXD
Paleoclimate
description Albeit labor-intensive, tree-ring maximum latewood density (MXD) has become a prime proxy to reconstruct inter-annual to multi-centennial climate variability. We here combine such data from five valleys in Austria, France and Switzerland to present a June-September temperature history for the European Alps reaching back to 742 CE. The pan-alpine record correlates at r = 0.89 with observational data and provides evidence for a prolonged Little Ice Age (LIA) from the 1250s to 1850s CE, during which summer temperatures were 0.59 °C cooler compared to the preceding Medieval Warm Period (MWP) from the 880s to 1240s CE. Temperatures rose by 3.65 °C from the coldest decade in the 1810s, which includes the 1816 CE post-Tambora “year without a summer”, to the warmest decade in the 2010s. The warmest summer in our reconstruction occurred in 2003 CE (+ 2.71 °C) and exceeds the warmest naturally forced summer in 970 CE (+ 2.19 °C) by more than 0.5 °C. This difference is non-significant, however, if we consider the increasing uncertainties back in time when fewer sites and trees contributed to the reconstruction. The pan-alpine record is the result of conducting MXD measurements over the past two decades in Swiss and German laboratories and sets a new standard in terms of explained variance and pre-instrumental temperature variability estimation in the European Alps.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025
2026
2026
2026
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
Publisher's version
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/430433
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/430433
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv #PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/882727
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/HE/101118880
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/German Science Foundation//ES 161
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/Comunidad de Madrid/Atracción de Talento "César Nombela"/2023-T1
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/HE/CZ.02.01.01
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dendro.2025.126432
Sí
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
collection DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
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