Aquaculture shapes antibiotic resistance in Mediterranean gilthead sea bream farming: From hatcheries to offshore cages

Intensive farming in crowded cages increases antibiotic treatments, promoting antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in fish-associated bacteria. Combined with environmental pollution, this accelerates AMR emergence, impacting food safety and ecosystems. To better understand AMR dynamics in aquaculture, thi...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Basili, Marco, Nikouli, Eleni, Møller, Frederik D., Kormas, Konstantinos A., Luna, Gian Marco, Tolosa Enguís, Veronica, Rodriguez Ruano, Sonia M., Sanz, Yolanda, Candela, Marco, Quero, Grazia Marina, Aarestrup, Frank M., Leekitcharoenphon, Pimlapas
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/404506
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/404506
https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/105018871968
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Antimicrobial resistance genes
Aquaculture
Gilthead sea bream
Metagenomics
metagenomics
aquaculture
antimicrobial resistance
Descripción
Sumario:Intensive farming in crowded cages increases antibiotic treatments, promoting antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in fish-associated bacteria. Combined with environmental pollution, this accelerates AMR emergence, impacting food safety and ecosystems. To better understand AMR dynamics in aquaculture, this study examined antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in farmed gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) and in environmental samples, including seawater, sediments, and feed. Sampling was conducted across the full production cycle in three Mediterranean countries (Italy, Greece, and Spain) with wild S. aurata specimens also collected in Italy and Greece as a comparative baseline. Shotgun metagenomics revealed distinct ARG profiles between farmed fish and their surrounding environment, with notable shifts from land-based phases (eggs to juveniles) to open sea farms (juveniles to adults). Beta-lactam resistance dominated in adult farmed specimens across all sites, underscoring its prevalence in Mediterranean aquaculture. Interestingly, Greek wild fish samples lacked beta-lactamases. This study emphasizes the effectiveness of metagenomics-based approaches for tracking ARGs in fish farming, and underlines its potential to mitigate risks to human health, preserve aquatic ecosystems and make aquaculture more sustainable.