Inflammatory dietary potential and gut microbiota in older adults with overweight or obesity and metabolic syndrome

<bold>Introduction:</bold> Understanding how inflammatory dietary potential modulates the gut microbiota diversity, composition, and function remains a topic of ongoing debate. The present study aims to assess the longitudinal relationship between inflammatory dietary potential and gut m...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Vázquez-Lorente, H, Hernández-Cacho, A, García-Gavilán, JF, Li, J, Ruiz-Canela, M, Belzer, C, Vioque, J, Corella, D, Fitó, M, Vidal, J, Konstanti, P, Moreno-Indias, I, Torres-Collado, L, Coltell, O, Martínez-González, MA, Clish, C, Castañer, O, Liang, LM, Babio, N, Dennis, C, Martínez-Montoro, JI, Atzeni, A, Tinahones, FJ, Hu, FB, Salas-Salvadó, J
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Institución:Instituto de Investigación Biomédica y Sanitaria de Alicante (ISABIAL)
Repositorio:r-ISABIAL. Repositorio Institucional de Producción Científica del Instituto de Investigación Biomédica y Sanitaria de Alicante
OAI Identifier:oai:isabial.fundanetsuite.com:p11277
Acceso en línea:https://isabial.portalinvestigacion.com/publicaciones11277
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2025.117263
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Dietary inflammatory index
Gut microbiota
Obesity
Aging
Older adults
Descripción
Sumario:<bold>Introduction:</bold> Understanding how inflammatory dietary potential modulates the gut microbiota diversity, composition, and function remains a topic of ongoing debate. The present study aims to assess the longitudinal relationship between inflammatory dietary potential and gut microbiota characteristics in older adults with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome. <bold>Methods:</bold> This longitudinal sub-study and secondary analyses nested under the context of the PREvenci & oacute;n con Dieta Mediterr & aacute;nea-Plus (PREDIMED-Plus) randomized clinical trial included 648 participants (mean age 65 +/- 5 years, 47 % women)<bold>.</bold> Inflammatory dietary potential was based on energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (E-DII) score, assessed using a validated 143-item food frequency questionnaire. Gut microbiota was characterized using 16S rRNA sequencing and 518 identified faecal metabolites were analysed through liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The relationship between E-DII score (exposure) and gut microbiota alpha and beta diversity and composition, in terms of microbial genera, and faecal metabolites (outcome) with available data at two timepoints (baseline and 1-year thereafter), and longitudinally, was subsequently analysed. <bold>Results:</bold> Anti-inflammatory dietary potential as measured by lower E-DII score, either as continuous or categorical, demonstrated significant associations with increased alpha diversity indices (i.e., Chao1, Inverse Simpson and Shannon; all P < 0.05), and distinct beta diversity profiles at baseline (R-2 = 0.004; PERMANOVA P = 0.047) and after 1-year (R-2 = 0.006; PERMANOVA P = 0.003). Furthermore, anti-inflammatory E-DII score was associated with 24 microbial genera, 4 faecal metabolites, and 1 metabolomic network (all FDR < 0.05). Pro-inflammatory E-DII score was also associated with 1 microbial genera and 2 faecal metabolites (all FDR < 0.05). Results remained significant when evaluating changes in E-DII over time with changes in alpha diversity indices and metabolomic network. <bold>Conclusion:</bold> Anti-inflammatory dietary potential of diet may enhance gut microbiota diversity and potentially modulate its composition in older adults with metabolic syndrome.

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