Oral fluid collection in wild boar: A field protocol

Traditional wildlife sampling methods have limitations in providing a well-distributed, timely and accurate disease surveillance in wildlife. We developed a field protocol for collecting wild boar (Sus scrofa) oral fluid samples for non-invasive active disease surveillance using environmental ropes....

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Autores: Relimpio, David, Kosowska, Aleksandra, Barroso-Arévalo, Sandra, De Antonio-Gómez, Daniel, Gortázar, Christian, Barasona, José A.
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/392469
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/392469
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Animal tuberculosis
Antibody detection
Disease surveillance
Field protocol
Oral fluid
Sus scrofa
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spelling Oral fluid collection in wild boar: A field protocolRelimpio, DavidKosowska, AleksandraBarroso-Arévalo, SandraDe Antonio-Gómez, DanielGortázar, ChristianBarasona, José A.Animal tuberculosisAntibody detectionDisease surveillanceField protocolOral fluidSus scrofaTraditional wildlife sampling methods have limitations in providing a well-distributed, timely and accurate disease surveillance in wildlife. We developed a field protocol for collecting wild boar (Sus scrofa) oral fluid samples for non-invasive active disease surveillance using environmental ropes. We deployed ropes in field settings and tested the rope-sampled oral fluids for antibodies against Mycobacterium bovis and closely related members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC). Oral fluid samples were collected from three wild boars populations in Spain with endemic tuberculosis across two seasons with contrasting natural food availability. Additionally, we studied the effect of placing the ropes close to aggregation points and of impregnating the ropes with corn powder. The results suggested that installing environmental ropes in summer, close to feeders or aggregation points, and baited with corn powder significantly increases the proportion of bitten ropes. No significant differences were observed in the effectiveness of ropes for oral fluid sampling across the three study sites. The average rate of antibody detection by ELISA was 38 % (range 34–45 %) of the bitten ropes. This method appears to be both precise and sensitive in detecting antibodies against MTC in oral fluid samples collected from environmental ropes, making it a potentially valuable tool for early detection and monitoring of MTC circulation. This noninvasive sampling method can easily be adapted for other relevant diseases of wild suids including African swine fever. Therefore, environmental ropes represent an effective, inexpensive, flexible, environmentally friendly, and noninvasive alternative for active wildlife disease surveillance.This study is a contribution to the EU Horizon Europe grant ASFaVIP with reference number 101136676, PLEC2021-008113 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/ and the European Union NextGeneration EU/PRTR, & 2022-GRIN-34227 grant, funded by the University of Castile-La Mancha and FEDER. JAB is a recipient of a ‘Ramón y Cajal’ contract (RYC2022-038060-I) funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MCIN/AEI) and Fondo Social Europeo Plus (FSE+).Peer reviewedElsevierEuropean CommissionUniversidad de Castilla La ManchaAgencia Estatal de Investigación (España)Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]202520252025info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/392469reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Inglés#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/HE/101136676info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/PLEC2021-008113info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI//RYC2022-038060-IRelimpio, David; 2024; Oral fluid collection in wild boar: a field protocol [Dataset]; Zenodo; https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13683128https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106362Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/3924692026-05-22T06:33:51Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Oral fluid collection in wild boar: A field protocol
title Oral fluid collection in wild boar: A field protocol
spellingShingle Oral fluid collection in wild boar: A field protocol
Relimpio, David
Animal tuberculosis
Antibody detection
Disease surveillance
Field protocol
Oral fluid
Sus scrofa
title_short Oral fluid collection in wild boar: A field protocol
title_full Oral fluid collection in wild boar: A field protocol
title_fullStr Oral fluid collection in wild boar: A field protocol
title_full_unstemmed Oral fluid collection in wild boar: A field protocol
title_sort Oral fluid collection in wild boar: A field protocol
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Relimpio, David
Kosowska, Aleksandra
Barroso-Arévalo, Sandra
De Antonio-Gómez, Daniel
Gortázar, Christian
Barasona, José A.
author Relimpio, David
author_facet Relimpio, David
Kosowska, Aleksandra
Barroso-Arévalo, Sandra
De Antonio-Gómez, Daniel
Gortázar, Christian
Barasona, José A.
author_role author
author2 Kosowska, Aleksandra
Barroso-Arévalo, Sandra
De Antonio-Gómez, Daniel
Gortázar, Christian
Barasona, José A.
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv European Commission
Universidad de Castilla La Mancha
Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España)
Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Animal tuberculosis
Antibody detection
Disease surveillance
Field protocol
Oral fluid
Sus scrofa
topic Animal tuberculosis
Antibody detection
Disease surveillance
Field protocol
Oral fluid
Sus scrofa
description Traditional wildlife sampling methods have limitations in providing a well-distributed, timely and accurate disease surveillance in wildlife. We developed a field protocol for collecting wild boar (Sus scrofa) oral fluid samples for non-invasive active disease surveillance using environmental ropes. We deployed ropes in field settings and tested the rope-sampled oral fluids for antibodies against Mycobacterium bovis and closely related members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC). Oral fluid samples were collected from three wild boars populations in Spain with endemic tuberculosis across two seasons with contrasting natural food availability. Additionally, we studied the effect of placing the ropes close to aggregation points and of impregnating the ropes with corn powder. The results suggested that installing environmental ropes in summer, close to feeders or aggregation points, and baited with corn powder significantly increases the proportion of bitten ropes. No significant differences were observed in the effectiveness of ropes for oral fluid sampling across the three study sites. The average rate of antibody detection by ELISA was 38 % (range 34–45 %) of the bitten ropes. This method appears to be both precise and sensitive in detecting antibodies against MTC in oral fluid samples collected from environmental ropes, making it a potentially valuable tool for early detection and monitoring of MTC circulation. This noninvasive sampling method can easily be adapted for other relevant diseases of wild suids including African swine fever. Therefore, environmental ropes represent an effective, inexpensive, flexible, environmentally friendly, and noninvasive alternative for active wildlife disease surveillance.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025
2025
2025
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
Publisher's version
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/392469
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/392469
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv #PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/HE/101136676
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/PLEC2021-008113
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI//RYC2022-038060-I
Relimpio, David; 2024; Oral fluid collection in wild boar: a field protocol [Dataset]; Zenodo; https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13683128
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106362
Sí
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
collection DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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