Sauropodomorph (Dinosauria) cranial topology: a comparative anatomical network analysis

Cranial morphology is influenced intrinsically by constraints due to the spatial arrangement of its anatomical components: the cranial bones. Network theory can be applied in this context to perform comparative analyses regarding the spatial arrangement of the cranium in different sauropodomorph din...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Schuurman, Tim, Bruner, Emiliano, Knoll, Fabien
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión aceptada para publicación
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:dnet:digitalcsic_::bb395f3c76f5091ecca86e1f29ec5c51
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/431667
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Functional craniology
Integration
Modularity
Network theory
Spatial constraints
Descripción
Sumario:Cranial morphology is influenced intrinsically by constraints due to the spatial arrangement of its anatomical components: the cranial bones. Network theory can be applied in this context to perform comparative analyses regarding the spatial arrangement of the cranium in different sauropodomorph dinosaur species, according to the criterium of physical interaction: the joints, sutures and synchondroses. This methodology is known as anatomical network analysis. In this study, anatomical network models of the crania of 15 sauropodomorph species are presented and compared. The goal was to examine which bones are fundamental in the topological balance of the sauropodomorph crania, to find underlying phenotypic patterns of spatial organization, and to understand how these patterns might have channelled the evolution of cranial morphology in this clade. We generated networks based on the whole cranium of 15 sauropodomorph species. The nodes and edges of the networks formalize the crania’s bones and joints, respectively. The final networks comprise 41.5 ± 3.5 nodes and 105.5 ± 10.5 edges. Anatomical network analysis supplies morphological information locally, referring to the relevance and roles of specific bones, and globally, quantifying the crania’s overall complexity and organization. Our results indicate that, locally, the frontal (or frontals, if the bone is paired), laterosphenoids (whether fused or unfused with the orbitosphenoids), parabasisphenoid, and parietal (or parietals, if the bone is paired) are embedded in a severely complex topological context. These elements are subjected to strong spatial constraints, suggesting that their respective cranial regions are highly influential in shaping the morphological evolution of the system. Globally, the cranial networks show a clear topological compartmentalization of their regions.