Monitorización ultrasónica de tejidos odontológicos
[EN] There have been scientific studies since the 1960s on the use of ultrasound for the characterization of dental tissues. However, the current scientific literature on these applications is very scarce. The propagation of ultrasound in biological tissues makes it possible to characterize the acou...
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| Tipo de recurso: | tesis doctoral |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2021 |
| País: | España |
| Institución: | Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV) |
| Repositorio: | RiuNet. Repositorio Institucional de la Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia |
| Idioma: | español |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:riunet.upv.es:10251/176059 |
| Acceso en línea: | https://riunet.upv.es/handle/10251/176059 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palabra clave: | Ultrasonidos Desmineralización dental Regeneración ósea guiada Retrodispersión FISICA APLICADA |
| Sumario: | [EN] There have been scientific studies since the 1960s on the use of ultrasound for the characterization of dental tissues. However, the current scientific literature on these applications is very scarce. The propagation of ultrasound in biological tissues makes it possible to characterize the acoustic and mechanical properties in a non-destructive manner. This quality has great potential for monitoring dental biological processes. In this doctoral thesis the object of study focuses on the ultrasonic monitoring of two dental applications: dental demineralization and guided bone regeneration. Dental demineralization seriously affects the health of patients, since it reduces the resistance of the tooth, generates complications by altering the occlusal structure and causes hypersensitivity and pulp problems. It is produced by pathological processes such as erosion or caries. Due to the complexity of the natural processes of demineralization, it is advisable, for its study, to provide quantitative and standardized tests in controlled laboratory conditions. Ultrasonic techniques provide localized mechanical information of the tissue, which is related to its degree of demineralization, making them an optimal tool for this purpose. On the other hand, dental bone tissues are vital for the survival of dental implants. For the correct placement of dental implants, sufficient bone volume is required to ensure their stability and durability. In cases where the amount of bone is not sufficient to support an implant, bone regeneration operations are performed. They consist of the use of bone grafts that serve as a scaffolding on which new bone is regenerated. To obtain a complete regeneration it is necessary to wait between 6 and 9 months. In addition, during regeneration, various problems may arise, such as soft tissue growth or failure of osseointegration. Currently, dentists use X-rays to evaluate the bone regeneration process, which is invasive and ionizing. For this reason, ultrasonic techniques are an option to consider when monitoring guided bone regeneration. In this doctoral thesis we evaluate the complete demineralization process of human dentin under laboratory conditions, using the ultrasonic technique of pulse echo. Time-of-flight measurements allow us to obtain the speed of sound in healthy and demineralized dentin tissue, as well as to characterize the dynamic process of acid penetration. In addition, the technique allows to measure the relevance of the demineralization produced by the acid residues inside the tooth once it has been removed from the acid solution. Beyond the evaluation of artificial demineralization lesions under laboratory conditions, as demonstrated in this doctoral thesis, the proposed technique opens new approaches for the evaluation of demineralization caused by caries. On the other hand, the second main objective of the doctoral thesis is to design a system for monitoring ultrasound-guided bone regeneration. For this purpose, we present a method to monitor the setting process of bone substitutes by means of ultrasonic backscattering techniques. By analyzing the backscattered fields, we demonstrate that it is possible to describe the acoustic properties of the material. This technique is the first step towards developing in vivo monitoring systems for complex media such as those present in bone regeneration procedures. The technique has been tested ex vivo and a prototype has been designed and built for human application based on the use of a dental splint. Finally, a protocol for monitoring bone regeneration in humans with ultrasound is presented. |
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